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Questions and Answers
What was the primary outcome measure used to assess depression severity in the study?
What was the primary outcome measure used to assess depression severity in the study?
- The GRID-HAMD (correct)
- The Beck Depression Inventory II
- The QIDS
- The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms
At what timepoints were depression severity assessed?
At what timepoints were depression severity assessed?
- Only at baseline
- 1 day and 1 week following each drug administration session
- 1 day, 1 week, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months following each drug administration session (correct)
- Only at baseline and 1 week after the second psilocybin session
What type of measure was used to assess acute psilocybin effects?
What type of measure was used to assess acute psilocybin effects?
- Blinded clinician ratings
- Self-report questionnaires (correct)
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging
- Interviews with therapists
What was the inter-rater reliability percentage at the 3-, 6-, and 12-month timepoints in the study?
What was the inter-rater reliability percentage at the 3-, 6-, and 12-month timepoints in the study?
When was functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) completed in the study?
When was functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) completed in the study?
According to the results, what was the effect size (Cohen's d) for the reduction in depression scores from baseline to 6 months after psilocybin treatment?
According to the results, what was the effect size (Cohen's d) for the reduction in depression scores from baseline to 6 months after psilocybin treatment?
Based on the analysis, was there a significant difference in depression outcomes between the immediate and delayed treatment groups?
Based on the analysis, was there a significant difference in depression outcomes between the immediate and delayed treatment groups?
What was the mean depression score (GRID-HAMD) at 12 months post-treatment?
What was the mean depression score (GRID-HAMD) at 12 months post-treatment?
Which of the following best describes the pattern of depression score changes over time after psilocybin treatment?
Which of the following best describes the pattern of depression score changes over time after psilocybin treatment?
What was the effect size (Cohen's d) for the reduction in depression scores from baseline to 1 week after psilocybin treatment?
What was the effect size (Cohen's d) for the reduction in depression scores from baseline to 1 week after psilocybin treatment?
According to the results, which of the following statements is true regarding the patient-rated depression assessments (QIDS and BDI-II)?
According to the results, which of the following statements is true regarding the patient-rated depression assessments (QIDS and BDI-II)?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the long-term effects of psilocybin treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD)?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the long-term effects of psilocybin treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD)?
Based on the information provided, what can be inferred about the effectiveness of psilocybin treatment over time?
Based on the information provided, what can be inferred about the effectiveness of psilocybin treatment over time?
What was the remission rate for depression with psilocybin treatment at the 12-month follow-up?
What was the remission rate for depression with psilocybin treatment at the 12-month follow-up?
What percentage of the sample met criteria for treatment response at the 12-month follow-up?
What percentage of the sample met criteria for treatment response at the 12-month follow-up?
Based on the information provided, which of the following statements is true regarding depression scores over time with psilocybin treatment?
Based on the information provided, which of the following statements is true regarding depression scores over time with psilocybin treatment?
Which of the following adverse events was reported during the follow-up period?
Which of the following adverse events was reported during the follow-up period?
Which of the following statements about mean GRID-HAMD scores and overall well-being scores at 12 months is correct?
Which of the following statements about mean GRID-HAMD scores and overall well-being scores at 12 months is correct?
Based on the information provided, which of the following statements about the overall well-being attributed to psilocybin across the follow-up timepoints is correct?
Based on the information provided, which of the following statements about the overall well-being attributed to psilocybin across the follow-up timepoints is correct?
What was the grand mean (SD) overall well-being score, expressed as a percentage of maximum possible score, at the 12-month follow-up timepoint?
What was the grand mean (SD) overall well-being score, expressed as a percentage of maximum possible score, at the 12-month follow-up timepoint?
Which of the following measures of session experiences significantly correlated with well-being at all four follow-up timepoints?
Which of the following measures of session experiences significantly correlated with well-being at all four follow-up timepoints?
Which of the following measures of session experiences was NOT significantly correlated with improvements in depression at subsequent follow-up timepoints?
Which of the following measures of session experiences was NOT significantly correlated with improvements in depression at subsequent follow-up timepoints?
Based on the information provided, which of the following statements about the correlation between ratings of personal meaning and spiritual significance with subsequent measures of well-being or depression is correct?
Based on the information provided, which of the following statements about the correlation between ratings of personal meaning and spiritual significance with subsequent measures of well-being or depression is correct?
Based on the information provided, what statistical test was used to compare baseline scores with follow-up timepoint scores?
Based on the information provided, what statistical test was used to compare baseline scores with follow-up timepoint scores?
What was used to calculate the effect sizes for the paired t-tests?
What was used to calculate the effect sizes for the paired t-tests?
Which of the following criteria was used to define treatment response?
Which of the following criteria was used to define treatment response?
Which of the following measures was NOT used to define remission for depression?
Which of the following measures was NOT used to define remission for depression?
How were the follow-up measures of acute psilocybin effects related to the acute measures of session experiences?
How were the follow-up measures of acute psilocybin effects related to the acute measures of session experiences?
For the follow-up measures, how were the depression scores expressed?
For the follow-up measures, how were the depression scores expressed?
Study Notes
Study Design
- Participants returned for follow-up at 1 day, 1 week, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months following the second psilocybin session
- Depression severity was assessed with participant- and clinician-rated measures
Outcome Measures
- Primary outcome measure: GRID-HAMD (Depression Rating Scale Standardization Team, 2003)
- Secondary outcome measures:
- Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS) (Rush et al., 2003)
- Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) (Beck et al., 1996)
- Inter-rater reliability at 3-, 6-, and 12-month timepoints was 87.5%
Results
- Significant effect of time in reducing depression severity (F(4.4, 96.3) = 34.9, p < 0.001; η p2 = .61)
- No significant effect of condition (immediate vs delayed treatment) or a time-by-condition interaction
- Mean GRID-HAMD scores decreased from 22.8 (3.9) at pretreatment baseline to 7.7 (7.9) at 12 months post-treatment (p < 0.001)
- Large effect sizes (Cohen d) were observed at all timepoints (range: 2.0-2.6)
Correlations and Predictors
- Ratings of personal meaning, psychological insight, spiritual significance, and mystical experience correlated with well-being and improvement in depression
- Ratings of personal meaning and spiritual significance correlated with improvement in depression at multiple timepoints
- MEQ30 correlated with well-being at all four follow-up timepoints
Safety Outcomes
- No serious adverse events, suicidal ideation, self-injurious behavior, or HPPD were reported
- No participant met criteria for HPPD
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Description
This quiz covers a follow-up study where participants completed a psilocybin intervention and follow-up assessments. The analysis of variance with GRID-HAMD scores showed a significant effect of time but no significant effect of condition or interaction.
