29 Questions
What was the primary outcome measure used to assess depression severity in the study?
The GRID-HAMD
At what timepoints were depression severity assessed?
1 day, 1 week, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months following each drug administration session
What type of measure was used to assess acute psilocybin effects?
Self-report questionnaires
What was the inter-rater reliability percentage at the 3-, 6-, and 12-month timepoints in the study?
87.5%
When was functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) completed in the study?
At baseline and 1 week after the second psilocybin session
According to the results, what was the effect size (Cohen's d) for the reduction in depression scores from baseline to 6 months after psilocybin treatment?
2.6
Based on the analysis, was there a significant difference in depression outcomes between the immediate and delayed treatment groups?
No, there was no significant difference between the two groups.
What was the mean depression score (GRID-HAMD) at 12 months post-treatment?
7.7
Which of the following best describes the pattern of depression score changes over time after psilocybin treatment?
Scores decreased significantly and remained low across all follow-up timepoints.
What was the effect size (Cohen's d) for the reduction in depression scores from baseline to 1 week after psilocybin treatment?
2.3
According to the results, which of the following statements is true regarding the patient-rated depression assessments (QIDS and BDI-II)?
They showed significant and large decreases in depression scores that were sustained over time.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the long-term effects of psilocybin treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD)?
All of the above statements are true.
Based on the information provided, what can be inferred about the effectiveness of psilocybin treatment over time?
The antidepressant effects of psilocybin remained stable throughout the 12-month follow-up period.
What was the remission rate for depression with psilocybin treatment at the 12-month follow-up?
The text does not provide this information.
What percentage of the sample met criteria for treatment response at the 12-month follow-up?
The text does not provide this information.
Based on the information provided, which of the following statements is true regarding depression scores over time with psilocybin treatment?
The text does not provide information about depression scores over time.
Which of the following adverse events was reported during the follow-up period?
None of the above
Which of the following statements about mean GRID-HAMD scores and overall well-being scores at 12 months is correct?
Neither mean GRID-HAMD scores nor overall well-being scores significantly differed between those who did and did not begin antidepressant treatment.
Based on the information provided, which of the following statements about the overall well-being attributed to psilocybin across the follow-up timepoints is correct?
Overall well-being attributed to psilocybin remained intermediate and stable across the follow-up timepoints.
What was the grand mean (SD) overall well-being score, expressed as a percentage of maximum possible score, at the 12-month follow-up timepoint?
65.0 (20.0)
Which of the following measures of session experiences significantly correlated with well-being at all four follow-up timepoints?
The MEQ30
Which of the following measures of session experiences was NOT significantly correlated with improvements in depression at subsequent follow-up timepoints?
Ratings of psychological challenge during the session
Based on the information provided, which of the following statements about the correlation between ratings of personal meaning and spiritual significance with subsequent measures of well-being or depression is correct?
Ratings of personal meaning and spiritual significance were significantly correlated with subsequent measures of well-being at three of four timepoints, but not with subsequent measures of depression.
Based on the information provided, what statistical test was used to compare baseline scores with follow-up timepoint scores?
Paired t-tests with Bonferroni correction
What was used to calculate the effect sizes for the paired t-tests?
Cohen's d
Which of the following criteria was used to define treatment response?
≥50% reduction in depression scores from baseline
Which of the following measures was NOT used to define remission for depression?
PHQ-9 ≤ 5
How were the follow-up measures of acute psilocybin effects related to the acute measures of session experiences?
Using Spearman's correlations
For the follow-up measures, how were the depression scores expressed?
As percentage change from baseline
Study Notes
Study Design
- Participants returned for follow-up at 1 day, 1 week, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months following the second psilocybin session
- Depression severity was assessed with participant- and clinician-rated measures
Outcome Measures
- Primary outcome measure: GRID-HAMD (Depression Rating Scale Standardization Team, 2003)
- Secondary outcome measures:
- Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS) (Rush et al., 2003)
- Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) (Beck et al., 1996)
- Inter-rater reliability at 3-, 6-, and 12-month timepoints was 87.5%
Results
- Significant effect of time in reducing depression severity (F(4.4, 96.3) = 34.9, p < 0.001; η p2 = .61)
- No significant effect of condition (immediate vs delayed treatment) or a time-by-condition interaction
- Mean GRID-HAMD scores decreased from 22.8 (3.9) at pretreatment baseline to 7.7 (7.9) at 12 months post-treatment (p < 0.001)
- Large effect sizes (Cohen d) were observed at all timepoints (range: 2.0-2.6)
Correlations and Predictors
- Ratings of personal meaning, psychological insight, spiritual significance, and mystical experience correlated with well-being and improvement in depression
- Ratings of personal meaning and spiritual significance correlated with improvement in depression at multiple timepoints
- MEQ30 correlated with well-being at all four follow-up timepoints
Safety Outcomes
- No serious adverse events, suicidal ideation, self-injurious behavior, or HPPD were reported
- No participant met criteria for HPPD
This quiz covers a follow-up study where participants completed a psilocybin intervention and follow-up assessments. The analysis of variance with GRID-HAMD scores showed a significant effect of time but no significant effect of condition or interaction.
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