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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of the Kelvin Bridge modification to the Wheatstone bridge?
What is the purpose of the Kelvin Bridge modification to the Wheatstone bridge?
What is the principle of operation of the Wheatstone bridge?
What is the principle of operation of the Wheatstone bridge?
What is the relationship between the sensitivity of the galvanometer and the unbalanced condition of the Wheatstone bridge?
What is the relationship between the sensitivity of the galvanometer and the unbalanced condition of the Wheatstone bridge?
What is the primary application of the Wheatstone bridge?
What is the primary application of the Wheatstone bridge?
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What is the purpose of the Murray Loop Test, which is a type of loop test used with the Wheatstone bridge?
What is the purpose of the Murray Loop Test, which is a type of loop test used with the Wheatstone bridge?
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What is the typical range of resistance measurements that can be made using the Kelvin Bridge?
What is the typical range of resistance measurements that can be made using the Kelvin Bridge?
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Which of the following meter movements utilizes a 'taut band' suspension system for increased sensitivity?
Which of the following meter movements utilizes a 'taut band' suspension system for increased sensitivity?
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Which meter movement is suitable for both direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) measurements?
Which meter movement is suitable for both direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) measurements?
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Which meter movement is based on Hans Oersted's discovery of the relationship between current and magnetism?
Which meter movement is based on Hans Oersted's discovery of the relationship between current and magnetism?
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Which meter movement is commonly used in applications such as 'standards' meters, transfer instruments, wattmeters, and frequency meters?
Which meter movement is commonly used in applications such as 'standards' meters, transfer instruments, wattmeters, and frequency meters?
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Which meter movement consists of a fixed coil with many turns and two iron vanes placed inside the fixed coil?
Which meter movement consists of a fixed coil with many turns and two iron vanes placed inside the fixed coil?
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Which of the following meter movements is widely used for measuring direct current (DC) or voltage and resistance?
Which of the following meter movements is widely used for measuring direct current (DC) or voltage and resistance?
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What is the primary purpose of the Varley Loop Test?
What is the primary purpose of the Varley Loop Test?
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Which bridge is used to measure the impedance of an inductive circuit?
Which bridge is used to measure the impedance of an inductive circuit?
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What is the purpose of the Schering Bridge?
What is the purpose of the Schering Bridge?
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Which bridge is used extensively as a feedback arrangement for a circuit called the Wien Bridge Oscillator?
Which bridge is used extensively as a feedback arrangement for a circuit called the Wien Bridge Oscillator?
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Which bridge is used in laboratories to measure the impedance of both capacitance and inductive circuits at higher frequencies?
Which bridge is used in laboratories to measure the impedance of both capacitance and inductive circuits at higher frequencies?
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What is the standard arm of the Schering Bridge typically composed of?
What is the standard arm of the Schering Bridge typically composed of?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of a sine wave generator?
Which of the following is NOT a function of a sine wave generator?
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What is the primary purpose of a distortion analyzer?
What is the primary purpose of a distortion analyzer?
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Which of the following statements about function generators is NOT true?
Which of the following statements about function generators is NOT true?
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What is the typical output impedance of radio frequency generators?
What is the typical output impedance of radio frequency generators?
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What is the defining characteristic of a pulse or square wave generator?
What is the defining characteristic of a pulse or square wave generator?
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What is the primary function of a wave analyzer?
What is the primary function of a wave analyzer?
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What is the primary function of a frequency selective voltmeter?
What is the primary function of a frequency selective voltmeter?
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Which instrument is primarily used to measure the total harmonic content in waveforms?
Which instrument is primarily used to measure the total harmonic content in waveforms?
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What is the primary advantage of a Fourier analyzer over a spectrum analyzer?
What is the primary advantage of a Fourier analyzer over a spectrum analyzer?
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Which of the following instruments provides a real-time display of the amplitude of all signals in its frequency range?
Which of the following instruments provides a real-time display of the amplitude of all signals in its frequency range?
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What is a significant advantage of Fourier analyzers over other instruments mentioned?
What is a significant advantage of Fourier analyzers over other instruments mentioned?
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Which of the following instruments provides a graphical display of a signal's energy distribution as a function of frequency?
Which of the following instruments provides a graphical display of a signal's energy distribution as a function of frequency?
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Study Notes
DC Bridges
- A DC type bridge accurately measures resistances with each branch containing two series elements usually resistors.
- A DC voltage source provides the source of current to the resistance network.
- A null detector usually a galvanometer is connected between the parallel branches to detect a condition of balance.
- For a balanced bridge, the galvanometer reading is zero.
Wheatstone Bridge
- A DC type bridge that measures DC resistances of various types of wires.
- Used to locate faults in cables.
- Murray Loop Test is used to locate ground faults in sheathed cables.
- Varley Loop Test is a modification of Murray Loop test.
Kelvin Bridge
- A modified version of the Wheatstone bridge that eliminates the effects of contact and lead resistances.
- Displays high degree of accuracy in measuring resistance of range 1ohm to 1u ohm.
- Uses a second set of arms and is referred to as Kelvin Double Bridge.
AC Bridges
- Basically a Wheatstone bridge, with arms that are impedances instead of purely resistances.
- Used to measure capacitance, inductance, and impedance.
Angle Bridge
- Measures the impedance of a capacitive circuit.
- Sometimes called the capacitance comparison bridge or the series resistance capacitance bridge.
Opposite Angle Bridge
- Measures the impedance of an inductive circuit.
- Known as Hay Bridge.
Maxwell Bridge
- Determines an unknown inductance with capacitance standards.
- Also known as Maxwell-Wien Bridge.
Wien Bridge
- Measures the equivalent series components or the equivalent parallel components of an impedance.
- Used extensively as a feedback arrangement for a circuit called the Wien Bridge Oscillator.
Radio Frequency Bridge
- Used to measure the impedance of both capacitance and inductive circuits at higher frequencies.
- Measurement technique used in this bridge is known as the substitute technique.
Schering Bridge
- Used to measure capacitance.
- Often used to measure insulating properties such as for phase angles very nearly 90 degrees.
Frequency Selective Voltmeter
- Measures the voltage or energy of a signal as a function of frequency.
- Other names include carrier frequency voltmeters, selective level meters, and wave analyzers.
Spectrum Analyzer
- Presents graphically the energy distribution of a signal as a function of frequency.
- Provides information about the voltage or energy of the signal as a function of frequency.
Fourier Analyzer
- Based on the calculation of the discrete Fourier transform using an algorithm called the fast Fourier Transform.
- Uses digital signal-processing technique to provide measurements that go beyond the capabilities of spectrum analyzer.
Signal Generators
- Sine Wave Generator: generates continuous sine wave that the frequency of the wave is made variable.
- Audio Frequency Generator: a sine wave generator whose frequency is limited to audible frequency range.
- Radio Frequency Generators: provides output signal over a wide range of frequencies from approximately 30 KHz to nearly 3000 MHz.
- Pulse and Square wave generators: generates an output signal that is either square or rectangular in form but with a different duty cycle.
- Function Generators: provides a variety of output waveforms over a wide range of frequencies.
Signal Analyzers
- Distortion Analyzers: measures the signal distortion due to the nonlinear characteristics of the active and passive devices the amplifier.
- Wave analyzer: a tunable voltmeter used to measure the various frequency components of a signal.
Basic Meter Movements
- Permanent Magnet Moving Coil (PMMC) meter movement: uses a “taut band” suspension system which provides a more sensitive meter movement.
- Electrodynamometer: consists of a moving coil called “armature” that is free to move within a magnetic field set by two stationary field coils.
- Iron Vane Movements: consists of a fixed coil of many turns and two iron vanes placed inside the fixed coil.
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Description
Test your knowledge on basic meter movements in analog type meters, specifically focusing on the D'Arsonval Meter and the Permanent Magnet Moving Coil (PMMC) meter movement. Learn about the relation between current and magnetism discovered by Hans Oersted.