Analgesic Drugs Overview

<p>They usually disappear with repeated administration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased intestinal smooth muscle tone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Miosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Euphoria through κ receptor activation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intravenous administration of naloxone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Down-regulation of opioid receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CODEINE (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Euphoria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gradual withdrawal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>BUPRENORPHINE (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MORPHINE (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral administration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To relieve withdrawal symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They block pain pathways at the central nervous system level. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It originates from thoracic or abdominal structures and is poorly localized. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glutamate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They inhibit the inflammatory process to alleviate pain. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They inhibit the transmission of pain signals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paracetamol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Papaver somniferum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It originates from damage to the peripheral nervous system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fentanyl has minimal cardiovascular effects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meperidine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Effective long-term treatment for opioid use addiction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes respiratory depression in overdose situations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reverse respiratory depression caused by opioids. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes less euphoria than morphine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blurring of vision. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Codeine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline while being a weak agonist. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treatment of opioid dependence in outpatient settings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is rapidly metabolized and has a quick onset of action. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may precipitate withdrawal symptoms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Naltrexone has a longer half-life than naloxone. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe acute pain from trauma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It produces minimal cardiovascular and respiratory depression. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can lead to respiratory depression especially in asthmatics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It should only be used after completing medically supervised opioid withdrawal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conditions like fibromyalgia lack an identifiable cause. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They produce synergy rather than simple additivity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is caused by dysfunction in the nervous system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbamazepine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is known for widespread pain and allodynia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It includes non-specific low back pain. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide therapeutic benefits for chronic pain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The elimination of pain sensation by blocking pain pathways or mediators, or by disconnecting pain centers.

A drug designed to relieve pain.

The process of the body protecting itself against infection by inflammation.

A drug that can stop the inflammation process.

Strong analgesics that act on the central nervous system (CNS). Used for strong pain like post-surgery, cancer, etc.

Weaker analgesics that work at the periphery, blocking inflammation mediators.

A drug that numbs a specific area by acting on the local nervous system.

Pain that is well-defined and can be pinpointed in specific body tissues.

Pain that originates in internal organs and is often poorly defined or referred to other areas.

Pain caused by nerve damage, often due to compression or inflammation.

A neurotransmitter involved in pain transmission.

A neurotransmitter responsible for transmitting pain information.

A neurotransmitter associated with regulating pain.

A neurotransmitter that can reduce pain.

The plant source of opium, containing morphine and other alkaloids.

A decrease in the initial pharmacological effect of a drug after repeated or long-term use.

A physiological state where the body depends on a drug to function normally.

A syndrome of symptoms that occur when a person who is physically dependent on opioids stops taking the drug.

The process of switching from one opioid to another to regain effectiveness when tolerance develops.

Opioids that bind to and activate mu-receptors, producing analgesia and other effects.

Opioids that bind to and block mu-receptors, reversing opioid effects.

A strong opioid agonist used for severe pain, particularly in IV, oral, transdermal, and intrathecal forms.

A potent synthetic opioid agonist used for severe pain, particularly in IV and transdermal forms.

A state where opioid use leads to increased pain sensitivity, potentially causing pain even with light touch.

A symptom of opioid use characterized by a decreased respiratory rate. It can be dangerous due to the risk of overdose.

The suppression of the cough reflex caused by certain opioids, often used to treat coughs.

A common side effect of opioid use, affecting about 40% of patients. It's believed to be caused by the activation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone.

Opioids increase muscle tone in the digestive tract, leading to constipation and changes in bile flow and bladder control.

A characteristic sign of opioid use, caused by the activation of μ receptors and their interaction with the nervous system.

Morphine can trigger histamine release from mast cells, leading to skin reactions and potential bronchoconstriction.

Opioids can affect the immune system, particularly natural killer cells, which help fight infections.

A powerful opioid analgesic that is similar to morphine but with a more rapid onset and shorter duration of action. It is used in anesthesia and can be administered intravenously, through a patient-controlled infusion, or as a transdermal patch.

An opioid analgesic that is shorter acting than morphine and similar in potency. It is less likely to cause respiratory depression or constipation. It is used for pain relief during labor.

A synthetic opioid used for pain relief, treating opioid addiction, and managing chronic pain. It has long-lasting effects and helps to reduce craving for heroin.

An opioid analgesic that is used for both its analgesic and cough-suppressing effects.

A drug that is used to reverse the effects of opioid overdose.

A common side effect of opioid analgesics, such as morphine and codeine. It can cause constipation, respiratory depression, and drowsiness.

A type of opioid analgesic that acts as a weak agonist at µ opioid receptors, offering a better safety profile compared to other opioids. It also inhibits the neuronal reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline.

Tramadol is used for moderate to severe chronic pain, postoperative pain, and pain associated with neuropathy.

Buprenorphine, a mixed opioid agonist/antagonist, partially activates µ-opioid receptors while blocking -opioid receptors.

Buprenorphine is approved for outpatient treatment of opioid dependence and indicated for moderate to severe pain. However, be aware that it might trigger withdrawal symptoms in individuals dependent on full opioid agonists.

A pure opioid antagonist that blocks the actions of both endogenous opioid peptides and morphine-like drugs by binding to all three classic opioid receptors.

Naloxone is used to reverse opioid overdosage, treat newborn respiratory depression, detect opioid addiction, and manage opioid-induced constipation.

A longer-acting opioid antagonist than Naloxone, used to block the effects of opioid drugs.

Naltrexone is used to treat opioid addiction, including alcohol dependence, and is available as a slow-release subcutaneous implant.

The use of a drug, such as naltrexone, to reduce opioid cravings and prevent relapse in individuals who have undergone detoxification.

Combining opioids with other pain relievers, like paracetamol (acetaminophen) or aspirin, can enhance pain relief while minimizing side effects.

Pain that persists for a long time and has a known underlying cause, such as diabetes, shingles, or surgery.

Pain lasting for an extended period without a clear identifiable cause.

A chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances.

An exaggerated pain response to a normally non-painful stimulus.

Pain caused by a tumor pressing on surrounding tissues, nerves, or bones, or due to treatments like surgery or chemotherapy.