18 Questions
Which muscle is responsible for 70-85% of fecal continence?
Internal anal sphincter
What is the primary function of the puborectalis muscle during defecation?
It relaxes to straighten the anorectal flexure
Which ligament suspends and holds the ovary in place?
The suspensory ligament of the ovary
Where do most ectopic pregnancies usually occur?
In the fallopian tube
What is the primary function of the external anal sphincter?
To provide voluntary control of the anal canal
What is the main innervation of the internal anal sphincter?
Sympathetic innervation via the inferior hypogastric plexus
What structure forms the terminal part of the large intestine?
Rectum
Which muscle contributes to the anorectal flexure at rest?
Puborectalis
What is the functional difference between the upper and lower parts of the anal canal?
The upper part is innervated by visceral afferents, the lower by somatic afferents
Which statement about the internal anal sphincter is true?
It is made of smooth muscle
What anatomical structure divides the upper and lower parts of the anal canal?
Pectinate line
Which condition is associated with abnormalities of the anal cushions?
Hemorrhoids
What is the primary function of the internal anal sphincter at rest?
To contract and prevent outflow of blood from the anal cushions
What happens to the internal anal sphincter during defecation?
It relaxes, allowing blood to drain from the hemorrhoidal plexus
What is the characteristic appearance of rectal bleeding in internal hemorrhoids?
Bright red due to high blood oxygen content
Which statement about external hemorrhoids is correct?
They are painful due to the presence of somatic afferents
Where do rectal varices typically occur?
In the mid-rectum
Which condition is associated with a higher prevalence of rectal varices?
Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (63%-94% prevalence)
Learn about the role of anal cushions and internal anal sphincter in maintaining fecal continence. Understand how these structures function at rest and during defecation.
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