Anaerobic Microbiome and Immunologic Events in Gingivitis and Periodontitis
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Questions and Answers

Which specialized tissue surrounds and supports the teeth?

  • Alveolar bone proper
  • Cementum
  • Periodontal ligament (PDL)
  • Gingiva (correct)

What is the average width of the periodontal ligament space?

  • 0.2 mm (correct)
  • 1 mm
  • 0-6 mm
  • 0.7-1.8 mm

What is the clinical appearance of the gingival sulcus?

  • A narrow and curved crevice around the tooth
  • A deep U-shaped crevice around the tooth
  • A wide and flat crevice around the tooth
  • A shallow V-shaped crevice around the tooth (correct)

Which bone undergoes remodeling with tooth formation and eruption?

<p>Alveolar bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the morphology of the alveolar bone?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is more abundant in the cervical area and has numerous small openings for the neurovascular bundles?

<p>Alveolar bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of microbial dental plaque?

<p>Salivary glycoproteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes biofilm-associated diseases?

<p>Infections localized in a specific area and tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical features of inflamed gingiva?

<p>Red and swollen without stippling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Willoughby D. Miller propose about pyorrhea alveolaris?

<p>It is caused by various bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothesis suggests that all indigenous bacteria may contribute to the development of periodontal disease?

<p>Non-specific plaque hypothesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which criteria were established by Socransky to define a periodontopathogen?

<p>The microbe must be associated with disease (increased number at diseased sites) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which defense cells are considered the main defense cells in periodontitis?

<p>Neutrophils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correlation between periodontal destruction and debris accumulation on teeth?

<p>Positive correlation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell types are found in the periodontal ligament?

<p>Fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the periodontal ligament?

<p>Attachment of the teeth to the bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the ground substance in the periodontal ligament?

<p>Glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cementum?

<p>Attachment of the teeth to the bone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is most likely to show signs of periodontitis?

<p>Teenagers and early adults (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of any population is affected by mild to moderate periodontitis?

<p>5% to 20% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of adults had gingivitis on at least three teeth?

<p>50% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factors can alter the inflammatory response in periodontitis?

<p>Blood dyscrasias and smoking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main composition of supragingival calculus?

<p>Mineralized bacterial plaque (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of periodontal therapy focuses on reducing biofilm formation and changing patient behavior?

<p>Initial (hygienic) phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of gingivitis in the U.S. population?

<p>47% of males and 39% of females aged 18 to 64 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothesis suggests that periodontal diseases are caused by the presence of antibodies to periodontopathogen antigens in patients with severe periodontitis?

<p>Socransky's postulate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of tissue destruction in periodontal diseases according to the ecological plaque hypothesis?

<p>Toxic bacterial products (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogens are found in increased proportions in generalized aggressive periodontitis?

<p>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothesis suggests that different antigens react with different cells, leading to different effects triggered by the same antigen in different cells?

<p>Alternative views (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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