Anaerobic Microbiome and Immunologic Events in Gingivitis and Periodontitis

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Which specialized tissue surrounds and supports the teeth?

Alveolar bone proper

Cementum

Periodontal ligament (PDL)

Gingiva (correct)

What is the average width of the periodontal ligament space?

0.2 mm (correct)

1 mm

0-6 mm

0.7-1.8 mm

What is the clinical appearance of the gingival sulcus?

A narrow and curved crevice around the tooth

A deep U-shaped crevice around the tooth

A wide and flat crevice around the tooth

A shallow V-shaped crevice around the tooth (correct)

Which bone undergoes remodeling with tooth formation and eruption?

Alveolar bone Signup and view all the answers

What determines the morphology of the alveolar bone?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is more abundant in the cervical area and has numerous small openings for the neurovascular bundles?

Alveolar bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of microbial dental plaque?

Salivary glycoproteins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes biofilm-associated diseases?

Infections localized in a specific area and tissue Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical features of inflamed gingiva?

Red and swollen without stippling Signup and view all the answers

What did Willoughby D. Miller propose about pyorrhea alveolaris?

It is caused by various bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothesis suggests that all indigenous bacteria may contribute to the development of periodontal disease?

Non-specific plaque hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

Which criteria were established by Socransky to define a periodontopathogen?

The microbe must be associated with disease (increased number at diseased sites) Signup and view all the answers

Which defense cells are considered the main defense cells in periodontitis?

Neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

What is the correlation between periodontal destruction and debris accumulation on teeth?

Positive correlation Signup and view all the answers

Which cell types are found in the periodontal ligament?

Fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the periodontal ligament?

Attachment of the teeth to the bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the ground substance in the periodontal ligament?

Glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cementum?

Attachment of the teeth to the bone Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is most likely to show signs of periodontitis?

Teenagers and early adults Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of any population is affected by mild to moderate periodontitis?

5% to 20% Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of adults had gingivitis on at least three teeth?

50% Signup and view all the answers

Which factors can alter the inflammatory response in periodontitis?

Blood dyscrasias and smoking Signup and view all the answers

What is the main composition of supragingival calculus?

Mineralized bacterial plaque Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of periodontal therapy focuses on reducing biofilm formation and changing patient behavior?

Initial (hygienic) phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of gingivitis in the U.S. population?

47% of males and 39% of females aged 18 to 64 Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothesis suggests that periodontal diseases are caused by the presence of antibodies to periodontopathogen antigens in patients with severe periodontitis?

Socransky's postulate Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of tissue destruction in periodontal diseases according to the ecological plaque hypothesis?

Toxic bacterial products Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogens are found in increased proportions in generalized aggressive periodontitis?

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothesis suggests that different antigens react with different cells, leading to different effects triggered by the same antigen in different cells?

Alternative views Signup and view all the answers