Anaerobes: Gram negative non-spore forming anaerobes

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Questions and Answers

Where are non-spore-forming anaerobes commonly found in infections?

In the respiratory tract
In mixed bacterial infections involving mucosal or epithelial barrier breaks (correct)
In the bloodstream only
In hair follicles

What type of infections are typically associated with non-spore-forming anaerobes?

Chronic infections with extensive purulence or necrosis
Acute viral infections
Mild skin rashes (correct)
Fungal overgrowth

Which bacterial pathogen is responsible for necrotic laryngitis, liver abscesses, and foot rot?

Clostridium perfringens
Fusobacterium necrophorum (correct)
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus

Where is Fusobacterium necrophorum commonly found as a commensal bacterium?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria act synergistically with Fusobacterium necrophorum in infections?

Trueperella pyogenes and Dichelobacter nodosus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the major risk factors for Fusobacterium necrophorum infections?

Skin trauma, high grain feeding, presence of foreign objects (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of Fusobacterium necrophorum infection in the liver?

Liver abscess formation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of necrotic laryngitis in calves?

Abscess formation in the larynx, leading to breathing difficulties (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary bacterial cause of foot scald (interdigital dermatitis)?

Fusobacterium necrophorum (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which two bacteria together cause foot rot?

Fusobacterium necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodosus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reservoir for Fusobacterium necrophorum in foot scald infections?

Soil (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical sign is commonly seen in foot scald?

Pink to white raw, moist skin between the toes with sensitivity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes foot rot from foot scald?

Foot rot involves deeper tissue invasion, separation of the hoof, and foul-smelling necrosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

How long can foot rot bacteria survive in the environment?

7 days (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the severity of foot rot?

The mix of bacterial species involved (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic sign of virulent foot rot (aprV2)?

Lameness, painful swelling, foul-smelling necrotic lesions, fever, loss of appetite (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens if foot rot is left untreated when decaying tissue is present?

The infection spreads to bones, tendons, and joints, leading to chronic conditions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key to effective foot rot management?

Early detection and treatment (A) Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic methods can be used for foot rot?

Anaerobic culture and PCR (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of foot rot treatment?

Foot trimming, removal of necrotic tissue, antiseptic sprays, footbaths, and antibiotics (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which systemic antibiotics are commonly used to treat foot rot?

Penicillin, metronidazole, clindamycin, chloramphenicol (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of foot trimming in foot rot cases?

To remove necrotic tissue and improve healing (A) Signup and view all the answers

How long should feet be soaked in antiseptic solutions for foot rot treatment?

15 minutes or more (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to soak all feet of new arrivals upon entering a farm?

To prevent contamination of farm soil with Dichelobacter nodosus (B) Signup and view all the answers

How long does Dichelobacter nodosus survive in the soil without infected animals?

2 weeks (C) Signup and view all the answers

How long should new animals be isolated before joining the main herd to prevent foot rot introduction?

2 weeks (C) Signup and view all the answers

What biosecurity measure should be taken for new arrivals to prevent foot rot?

Isolation and foot soaking in 15% zinc sulfate solution (A) Signup and view all the answers

What environmental management strategies help prevent foot rot?

Keeping feet dry, avoiding mechanical injury, regular foot trimming (A) Signup and view all the answers

What nutritional factors are important for foot rot prevention?

Adequate levels of Vitamin A, D, and zinc (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Non-spore-forming anaerobes location

Commonly found in mixed bacterial infections where mucosal or epithelial barriers are broken.

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Bacterial pathogen known for causing necrotic laryngitis, liver abscesses, and foot rot.