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Questions and Answers
What is a primary function of piston rings in aircraft reciprocating engines?
What characteristic of a cam-ground piston helps mitigate wear during engine operation?
Which part of the piston is primarily exposed to combustion heat?
Which of the following components is considered the foundation of a piston engine?
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What is the function of the piston pin?
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What materials are commonly used for constructing the crankcase?
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Which of the following types of piston rings is primarily responsible for preventing gas leakage?
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Which material is commonly used to make forged pistons?
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Which part of a piston engine is responsible for providing a location for fuel/air combustion and heat conductivity?
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What is one of the key design requirements for a cylinder in a reciprocating engine?
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In which area of the piston would you find the ring grooves?
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What type of joint is NOT typically associated with piston ring assembly?
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What are the primary functions of a piston in a reciprocating engine?
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Which component among the following is NOT part of the four basic power delivering parts of an engine?
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Which section of a typical radial engine crankcase is responsible for supporting the camshaft?
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Which characteristic is desirable for the material used in cylinders of a piston engine?
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Study Notes
Piston Engine Construction
- Major components of a reciprocating engine include crankcase, cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft, valves, and valve operating mechanism.
- Crankcase serves as the foundation, containing bearings for the crankshaft; usually made from cast or forged aluminum alloy for strength and lightness.
- Accessory section of the crankcase often built from aluminum alloy or magnesium.
Radial Engine Crankcase
- Typical radial engine crankcase is divided into four sections: nose, power, supercharger, and accessory.
Power Delivering Parts
- Four basic elements responsible for power delivery: cylinder, piston, connecting rod, and crankshaft.
Cylinders
- Cylinders are crucial for power development; must be strong, lightweight, heat conductive, and easy to manufacture.
- Cylinder heads enable combustion of fuel/air mixture and enhance heat conductivity, typically made from aluminum alloy for effective cooling.
Pistons
- Pistons function as cylindrical plungers that move within cylinders, performing two primary tasks: drawing in fuel/air, compressing gases, and transmitting combustion force to the crankshaft.
- Generally made from aluminum alloy AMS 4140 (forged) or Alcoa 132 alloy (cast), can withstand temperatures over 4000°F and pressures up to 500 psi.
Piston Components
- Piston head is the top surface exposed to combustion heat.
- Ring grooves are cut into the piston’s surface for piston rings.
- Ring land is the area between ring grooves.
- Piston pin boss provides a solid area for piston pin attachment to the connecting rod.
- Piston skirt aids in aligning the piston in the cylinder.
Piston Head Designs
- Cam-ground pistons are slightly oval-shaped to accommodate thermal expansion, reducing wear on the piston and cylinder.
Piston Attachments
- Piston rings serve three critical functions: preventing leakage, reducing oil seepage, and transferring heat to cylinder walls.
- The piston pin connects the piston to the connecting rod, also referred to as a wristpin.
- Piston pin circlip ensures the piston pin remains secured within the piston pin boss.
Piston Ring Joints
- Types of piston ring joints include butt joint, step joint, and angle joint.
Types of Piston Rings
- Compression rings prevent gas leakage during operation, positioned in grooves just below the piston head.
- Oil rings are used to control oil consumption and maintain lubrication.
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Description
This quiz covers the construction and important parts of a piston engine as discussed in AMT 214 Lecture 3.2. It focuses on key components such as the crankcase, cylinders, and valves, and their significance in engine operation. Test your knowledge of reciprocating engine mechanics and their functionalities.
