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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of nuptial pads in male anurans during the breeding season?
What is the purpose of nuptial pads in male anurans during the breeding season?
Male European newts do not display brightly to attract females.
Male European newts do not display brightly to attract females.
False
What is the term used for the male copulatory embrace in anurans?
What is the term used for the male copulatory embrace in anurans?
amplexus
Inguinal amplexus involves clasping in front of the ______.
Inguinal amplexus involves clasping in front of the ______.
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Match the reproductive terms with their definitions:
Match the reproductive terms with their definitions:
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What adaptation allows amphibians to breathe on land?
What adaptation allows amphibians to breathe on land?
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Amphibians belong to the class Reptilia.
Amphibians belong to the class Reptilia.
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Name one order of amphibians that includes frogs and toads.
Name one order of amphibians that includes frogs and toads.
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The larval stage of amphibians is called a _______.
The larval stage of amphibians is called a _______.
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Match the following amphibians to their classifications:
Match the following amphibians to their classifications:
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Which of the following is a feature of the Anura order?
Which of the following is a feature of the Anura order?
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All amphibians are strictly aquatic.
All amphibians are strictly aquatic.
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What type of diet do most amphibians have?
What type of diet do most amphibians have?
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What triggers metamorphosis in amphibians?
What triggers metamorphosis in amphibians?
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The growth rate of amphibians is faster after they reach sexual maturity.
The growth rate of amphibians is faster after they reach sexual maturity.
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What is the lifespan of the Bufo bufo (Toad)?
What is the lifespan of the Bufo bufo (Toad)?
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The largest lizard is the ______ dragon.
The largest lizard is the ______ dragon.
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Match the following amphibians with their lifespan:
Match the following amphibians with their lifespan:
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Which of the following benefits do amphibians provide?
Which of the following benefits do amphibians provide?
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Amphibians are the first true land vertebrates.
Amphibians are the first true land vertebrates.
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What is the common name for Rana catesbeiana?
What is the common name for Rana catesbeiana?
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Which of the following snakes is known as the Gaboon Viper?
Which of the following snakes is known as the Gaboon Viper?
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The Green Tree Snake is characterized as a blind, subterranean reptile.
The Green Tree Snake is characterized as a blind, subterranean reptile.
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Name one species found in the Order Crocodilia.
Name one species found in the Order Crocodilia.
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The Scientific name for the Green Mamba is __________.
The Scientific name for the Green Mamba is __________.
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Match the following snakes to their respective characteristics:
Match the following snakes to their respective characteristics:
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Which subclass do the living fossils Tuataras belong to?
Which subclass do the living fossils Tuataras belong to?
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Amphisbaena kraussi is an example of a worm lizard in the family Amphisbaenidae.
Amphisbaena kraussi is an example of a worm lizard in the family Amphisbaenidae.
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What is the primary diet of Worm Lizards?
What is the primary diet of Worm Lizards?
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What is a primary adaptation of bird beaks related to their ecology?
What is a primary adaptation of bird beaks related to their ecology?
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All birds have teeth to assist in grinding food.
All birds have teeth to assist in grinding food.
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What term describes the lightweight bones that many birds possess?
What term describes the lightweight bones that many birds possess?
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The _____ is a reduced structure that supports the tail in birds.
The _____ is a reduced structure that supports the tail in birds.
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Match the bird adaptation with its purpose:
Match the bird adaptation with its purpose:
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Which bird structure aids in nutrient absorption by grinding food?
Which bird structure aids in nutrient absorption by grinding food?
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Birds have a collection of muscular tongues that are heavy and contain taste buds.
Birds have a collection of muscular tongues that are heavy and contain taste buds.
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What is the function of the uropygial gland found in birds?
What is the function of the uropygial gland found in birds?
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Birds excrete waste primarily in the form of _____ acid.
Birds excrete waste primarily in the form of _____ acid.
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Match the following beak shapes with their foraging technique:
Match the following beak shapes with their foraging technique:
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Which type of bird is best known for having a beak adapted for seed cracking?
Which type of bird is best known for having a beak adapted for seed cracking?
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Birds can have multiple functional ovaries in females.
Birds can have multiple functional ovaries in females.
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What is the importance of the sacral region in bird vertebrae?
What is the importance of the sacral region in bird vertebrae?
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The _____ is responsible for effective oxygen exchange in birds, assisted by air sacs.
The _____ is responsible for effective oxygen exchange in birds, assisted by air sacs.
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How are bird wings primarily adapted for flight?
How are bird wings primarily adapted for flight?
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Study Notes
AMPHIBIANS
- Represents a diverse group of vertebrates, including Goliath frogs (Conraua goliath), giant salamanders (Andrias japonicus), and dwarf frogs (Paedophryne amauensis).
- Evolution of amphibians involved major adaptations such as replacement of fins with limbs, conversion from gills to lungs for breathing, and development of a stronger skeleton for land.
- Early amphibians included the ichthyostegids, a significant "missing link" between fishes and amphibians, existing around 345 million years ago.
SYSTEMATICS
- Class AMPHIBIA divided into three orders:
- Anura (Salientia): Tailless frogs and toads, known for elongated hindlimbs and external fertilization, with approximately 2000 species globally.
- Urodela (Caudata): Tailed amphibians like salamanders and newts, some retain gills; about 300-450 species.
- Apoda (Gymnophiona): Legless caecilians, burrowing forms, roughly 165 species.
GENERAL BIOLOGY
- Most amphibians are carnivorous, consuming a range of prey from invertebrates to small mammals.
- Mating involves elaborate courtship behaviors, including vocal calls and physical displays to attract females, and can include the amplexus clasping position.
- Egg-laying entails a large clutch of small eggs enclosed in jelly to protect against predation and environmental conditions; eggs develop into gilled aquatic larvae.
GROWTH & LONGEVITY
- The growth period before reaching sexual maturity varies from 1-3 years, with slower growth rates afterward.
- Longevity varies significantly among species, e.g., Xenopus laevis can live up to 15 years, while Bufo bufo may reach 36 years.
BENEFITS OF AMPHIBIANS
- Serves vital ecological roles such as insect population control.
- Used as food sources and biological specimens for educational purposes.
- Some amphibians have medicinal uses, including pregnancy tests and treatments in traditional medicine.
- Cultural significance as religious symbols or artistic motifs in various societies.
INTRODUCTION TO REPTILES
- Reptiles are characterized in Latin by "repto," meaning to crawl.
- Comprise around 7000 species, predominantly lizards and snakes, making up 86% of reptilian diversity.
- Largest reptile: Crocodylus porosus, reaching lengths of up to 10 meters.
- Smallest reptile: Evoluticauda tuberculata, measuring only 1.8 cm.
SYSTEMATICS OF REPTILES
- Subclass Lepidosauria includes the Squamata order, with worms lizards (Amphisbaena) being blind and subterranean.
- Order Rhynchocephala contains the tuatara, a "living fossil" discovered off New Zealand.
- The Archosauria subclass encompasses the largest reptiles, including crocodiles, which play essential roles in ecosystems.
STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIONS IN BIRDS
- Birds exhibit specialized adaptations for flight such as lightweight bones, absences of teeth, and specific beak shapes linked to dietary needs.
- Skull and limb bones are often fused to reduce weight, facilitating efficient flight.
- Unique respiratory systems with air sacs promote effective breathing during flight.
DIVERSITY OF BIRD BEAKS
- Beak morphology is intricately tied to feeding behaviors, ranging from slender, pointed beaks for insect catching to broad, flat beaks for filter-feeding.
- The structure and function of beaks are adapted to exploit various ecological niches and food sources effectively.
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Description
Test your knowledge on amphibians, including fascinating species such as the Goliath Frog and Giant Salamander. Explore the evolutionary adaptations that allowed these creatures to thrive on land, including changes in their body structure. Challenge yourself with this engaging quiz about the diverse world of amphibians.
