Amphibians and Chordates Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What type of fertilization do salamanders practice?

Internal fertilization (correct)

Parental care fertilization

External fertilization

Asexual reproduction

What is the primary role of amphibian skin?

Providing insulation

Storage of fat reserves

Gas exchange and osmotic balance (correct)

Protection against predators

Which statement about frogs and toads is incorrect?

Frogs mainly live in damp places. (correct)

Toads prefer habitats away from water.

Frogs have specialized hind limbs for jumping.

They are tailless as adults.

What unique feature do reptile eggs have?

They have a leathery shell. Signup and view all the answers

How do amphibians commonly reproduce?

By returning to water for external fertilization. Signup and view all the answers

What adaptation do amphibian ears have?

They are adapted for detecting sound waves. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the amnion in reptile eggs?

It protects the embryo and provides nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

What physiological process do amphibians use to respire?

Through lungs and skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the notochord in chordates?

It acts as a supporting rod. Signup and view all the answers

During embryonic development, which structures in vertebrates have a role in gas exchange?

Pharyngeal Pouches Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the dorsal hollow nerve cord is true?

It contains a fluid-filled canal. Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following groups does the notochord persist throughout life?

Cephalochordata Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of urochordates during their larval stage?

Presence of gill slits Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic allows lancelets to filter feed effectively?

Gill openings Signup and view all the answers

How do adult tunicates engage with their environment?

They secrete mucus to trap food. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to pharyngeal pouches in terrestrial vertebrates?

They are modified for other functions. Signup and view all the answers

What are the chief characteristics of mammals?

Hair and mammary glands Signup and view all the answers

How do mammals primarily regulate their body temperature?

Endothermic mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the gas exchange in mammals is correct?

Lungs are used for gas exchange. Signup and view all the answers

What allows mammals to care for their young without leaving them to find food?

Mammary glands Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mammals lay eggs?

Monotremes Signup and view all the answers

Where do marsupials primarily continue their development after birth?

In a pouch on the mother's body Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the placenta in placental mammals?

To exchange nutrients and wastes Signup and view all the answers

Which trait is commonly associated with placental mammals?

A long period of dependency Signup and view all the answers

Which order includes animals such as horses, zebras, tapirs, and rhinoceroses?

Perissodactyla Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes the order Carnivora?

Presence of canines that are large and conical Signup and view all the answers

Which mammals are classified in the order Chiroptera?

Bats Signup and view all the answers

What feature is common among members of the order Rodentia?

Two pairs of continuously growing incisors Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable feature of the order Cetacea?

Largest animal ever to live on the planet Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the order Primates?

Have well-developed brains and opposable thumbs Signup and view all the answers

Which order includes animals like rabbits, hares, and pikas?

Lagomorpha Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of elephants in the order Proboscidea?

Prehensile trunk formed from the upper lip and nose Signup and view all the answers

How many gill slits do sharks typically have on each side of their pharynx?

Five to seven Signup and view all the answers

What structure covers the gills of bony fishes?

Operculum Signup and view all the answers

What type of scales cover the bodies of sharks?

Placoid scales Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary feeding strategies of whale sharks?

Filter feeding Signup and view all the answers

How do most fish fertilize their eggs?

Shed into the water Signup and view all the answers

What major characteristic distinguishes amphibians from other vertebrates?

Possession of limbs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a group of modern amphibians?

Lizards and snakes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fins are primarily found in bony fishes?

Ray-finned Signup and view all the answers

How many species of reptiles are in the class Reptilia?

Around 6,000 Signup and view all the answers

From which group did reptiles evolve?

Amphibians Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reptiles returned to aquatic environments?

Plesiosaurs Signup and view all the answers

What significant feature helps pterosaurs in flight?

Keel for muscle attachment Signup and view all the answers

What does the impact theory of dinosaur extinction suggest caused the extinction?

A large meteorite impact Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of turtles?

They have a heavy shell fused to ribs. Signup and view all the answers

Which adaptation do snakes have for consuming large prey?

Dislocating jaws Signup and view all the answers

What type of skin do reptiles have?

Scaly and keratinized Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Phylum: Chordata

Chordates include 45,000 species.
All chordates have four basic characteristics at some point in their life.
- Notochord: A supporting rod located dorsally just below the nerve cord, replaced by the vertebral column in vertebrates.
- Dorsal hollow nerve cord: Contains a fluid-filled canal. In vertebrates, it's the spinal cord.
- Pharyngeal pouches: Openings that can function in feeding or gas exchange. In invertebrate chordates, fish, and amphibian larvae, they become functioning gills; in terrestrial vertebrates, they are modified for other purposes.
- Post-anal tail: Extends beyond the anal opening, present in some embryos.

1- Subphylum: Invertebrata

Invertebrate Chordates:
- Notochord persists and is never replaced by a vertebral column.
- Cephalochordata (Lancelets):
  - About 23 species in genus Branchiostoma.
  - Elongated, lance-shaped body resembling a two-edged surgical knife.
  - Inhabit shallow coastal waters.
  - Filter feeders, partly buried in sandy substrates.
  - Feed on microscopic particles filtered from water that enters the mouth and exits through gill openings.

2- Subphylum: Vertebrata

Vertebrate Chordates
- 43,700 species.
- Have all four chordate characteristics at some point in their lives.
- Embryonic notochord replaced by a vertebral column.
- Vertebral column supports dorsal hollow nerve cord.
- Skeleton (cartilage or bone) is a vital tissue that grows with the animal. Muscles support efficient movement.
- Skull enclosed the brain.
- Complex sense organs (eyes, ears).
- Complete digestive system with a large coelom
- Closed circulatory system (blood contained in vessels)
- Efficient gas exchange: via gills or lungs.
- Kidneys excrete waste and regulate water.
- Reproduction: Usually sexual, with separate sexes.

I. Fishes

Aquatic gill-breathing vertebrates typically with fins and scaled skin. Used to be filter feeders, now able to move water through gills via muscular action.
- Class: Cyclostomata (Jawless Fishes):
  - 63 species: lampreys and hagfish).
  - Smooth, non-scaly skin.
  - Cylindrical bodies (up to a meter long).
  - Hagfish are scavengers, feeding on invertebrates or dead fish.
  - Lampreys are filter feeders or parasites, attaching to fish and sucking nutrients.
- Class: Chondrichthyes (Fishes with Jaws):
  - 850 species (sharks, rays, and skates)
  - Cartilaginous skeleton (not bone).
  - Five to seven gill slits.
  - Scaled skin.
  - Teeth are enlarged scales in rows.
- Class: Osteichthyes (Bony Fishes):
  - 20,000+ species (salmon, trout, eels)
  - Bony skeleton.
  - Ray-finned with thin bony rays supporting fins.
  - Skin covered in scales.
  - Gills covered by operculum.
  - Swim bladder for buoyancy control.
  - Reproduction: Eggs usually shed into water, with fertilization and development outside the mother's body.

II. Amphibians

Tetrapods with four limbs; adapted for both land and water.
- Groups: frogs & toads, salamanders & newts, and caecilians.
- Salamanders & newts: long bodies, tails; carnivorous, internal fertilization.
- Frogs & toads: tailless; specialized hind limbs for jumping; aquatic or moist places; carnivorous.
- Caecilians: legless; burrow in soil; feed on worms.
- Reproduction: returns to water, external fertilization, tadpoles metamorphose.
- Ectothermic (regulate body temperature by environment)

III. Reptiles

Internal fertilization. Leathery-shell eggs (amnions).
- Groups: pelycosaurs, ichthyosaurs, pterosaurs, dinosaurs, lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodiles
- Internal fertilization, amniotic egg (leathery shell).
- Some evolved to live in water, fly, or other varied habitats
- Some lizards, snakes (with venom), turtles, crocodiles and alligators.
- Ectotherms (regulate body temperature by environment)

IV. Birds

Scales, lack teeth.
- Adaptations for flight: Air sacs, bones, respiratory system.
Endothermic (regulate body temperature)

V. Mammals

Mammary glands; hair.
- Monotremes: Lay eggs (duck-billed platypus, spiny anteater)
- Marsupials: Pouch for newborns (kangaroos, opossums)
- Placental mammals: Placenta for nourishment.
- Classification: Based on locomotion and feeding.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the fascinating world of amphibians and chordates! This quiz covers topics such as fertilization methods, skin functions, and unique features of reptiles. Challenge yourself with questions about the adaptation and characteristics of these remarkable animal groups!