Amoeba Sisters Recap - Meiosis
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Questions and Answers

What would happen if interphase didn't happen first?

The cell would not be able to divide.

How would you know if two chromosomes were homologous?

They would be very similar in size and banding pattern and contain information about the same traits.

What happens during crossing over?

Segments of chromosomes are exchanged.

What is the importance of crossing over?

<p>It creates variation of traits in parent genes that can be passed on to offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during metaphase I?

<p>Chromosomes lined up with homologous pairs in the middle of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during metaphase II?

<p>Chromosomes lined up with sister chromatids in the middle of the cell, but not homologous pairs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe what occurs during nondisjunction and the effect on the resulting cells.

<p>Chromosomes might not separate correctly, and it can cause gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mitosis ends with ___________ __________.

<p>two identical cells which are diploid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is mitosis important?

<p>Growth and repair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does interphase occur?

<p>Before the process of meiosis or mitosis begins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does meiosis create?

<p>Four genetically unique gametes which are haploid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during metaphase I of meiosis?

<p>Crossing over and random combinations of chromosomes that increase variation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes are in the human cells meiosis produces?

<ol start="23"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are gametes?

<p>Sperm and egg (sex cells).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are haploid cells?

<p>Cells with a single set of chromosomes. Gametes are haploid cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are diploid cells?

<p>Cells that have two sets of chromosomes. Human body cells are diploid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a zygote?

<p>A fertilized egg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are produced by meiosis?

<p>Gametes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many cells are produced by meiosis?

<p>4 cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adds variation to the cells produced by meiosis?

<p>Crossing over, random fertilization and random combinations of chromosomes in gametes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many cells are produced by mitosis?

<p>2 cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Interphase

The cell cycle stage before cell division, where the cell grows, copies its DNA, and prepares for division.

Homologous chromosomes

Two chromosomes that have the same genes in the same order, but may have different alleles.

Crossing over

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I, resulting in new combinations of alleles.

Mitosis

The process of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

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Meiosis

The process of cell division that produces four genetically unique gametes, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

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Metaphase I

The stage of meiosis I where homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, ready to be separated.

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Metaphase II

The stage of meiosis II where sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell, ready to be separated.

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Nondisjunction

The failure of chromosomes to separate properly during cell division, resulting in gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes.

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Diploid cells

Cells with two sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent. Example: Most human body cells.

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Haploid cells

Cells with a single set of chromosomes. Example: Sperm and egg cells.

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Zygote

The fertilized egg cell formed by the fusion of a sperm and an egg.

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Gametes

Sex cells, such as sperm and egg cells, that are involved in sexual reproduction.

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Prophase I

The stage of meiosis I where crossing over occurs and homologous chromosomes pair up.

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Anaphase I

The stage of meiosis I where homologous chromosomes are separated and moved to opposite poles of the cell.

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Telophase I

The stage of meiosis I where the cytoplasm divides, creating two daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.

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Anaphase II

The stage of meiosis II where sister chromatids are separated and moved to opposite poles of the cell.

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Telophase II

The stage of meiosis II where the cytoplasm divides, creating four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.

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Mitosis

A type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

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Random fertilization

The process that creates variation in offspring by randomly combining chromosomes from the mother and father during fertilization.

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Study Notes

Meiosis Overview

  • Interphase is crucial for cell division; without it, cells cannot divide.
  • Chromosomes pair up as homologous pairs during meiosis, indicated by similar size and banding patterns, sharing information on the same traits.

Crossing Over

  • Involves the exchange of chromosome segments between homologous pairs.
  • Essential for genetic variation, increasing diversity in offspring traits.

Stages of Meiosis

  • Metaphase I: Homologous chromosomes align at the cell's center, allowing for crossing over and random combinations of chromosomes.
  • Metaphase II: Sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell independently, not forming homologous pairs.

Nondisjunction

  • Occurs when chromosomes fail to separate properly, leading to gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers.

Mitosis vs. Meiosis

  • Mitosis produces two identical diploid cells, important for growth and repair.
  • Meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid gametes, essential for sexual reproduction.

Gametes and Chromosome Counts

  • Human gametes contain 23 chromosomes, while the human body cells are diploid with two sets of chromosomes.
  • Gametes are the reproductive cells: sperm and egg.

Genetic Variation

  • Meiosis introduces genetic variation through crossing over, random fertilization, and varying chromosome combinations in gametes.

Zygote Definition

  • A fertilized egg created from the union of sperm and egg, marking the start of a new organism.

Cell Production

  • Meiosis produces four cells, while mitosis results in two cells.

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Description

Test your knowledge on meiosis with these flashcards based on the Amoeba Sisters recap. Each flashcard explores key concepts such as interphase, homologous chromosomes, and the crossing over process. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of meiosis.

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