Questions and Answers
What is meant by protein synthesis?
Cells making proteins.
What are the 2 processes in protein synthesis?
Transcription and translation.
What RNA is needed in transcription?
mRNA.
What is transcription?
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The process in which the info in a DNA strand is copied into RNA is called?
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What RNA is needed in translation?
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What is translation?
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The process of translating the sequence of an mRNA molecule to a sequence of amino acids is called?
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Amino acids are monomers of?
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What is a codon?
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What is an anticodon?
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Why is methionine important?
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What are peptide bonds?
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What does a stop codon mean?
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Study Notes
Protein Synthesis Overview
- Protein synthesis is the process by which cells create proteins essential for various functions.
- Two main processes involved in protein synthesis are transcription and translation.
Transcription
- Transcription involves making RNA from DNA, allowing genetic information to be copied.
- The specific RNA required for transcription is messenger RNA (mRNA).
- The task of transcription is to replicate the DNA sequence into an RNA format.
Translation
- Translation decodes the mRNA message into a protein, linking genetic information to functional molecules.
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) is essential for the translation process, as it brings amino acids to the ribosome.
- Translation translates the sequence of an mRNA molecule into a sequence of amino acids, forming a polypeptide chain.
Amino Acids and Codons
- Amino acids serve as the building blocks (monomers) of proteins.
- A codon consists of three nucleotides that correspond to a specific amino acid.
- The anticodon is the complementary sequence to the codon, allowing proper pairing during translation.
Importance of Specific Amino Acids
- Methionine is recognized as the starter amino acid in protein synthesis, initiating translation.
Peptide Bonds
- Peptide bonds are covalent bonds that link amino acids together, forming proteins.
Termination of Protein Synthesis
- A stop codon signifies the end of protein coding, indicating that the synthesis process is complete.
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Description
Test your understanding of protein synthesis with these flashcards from Amoeba Sisters. Learn key concepts such as transcription, translation, and the role of mRNA in the process. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their knowledge of cellular biology.
