Amniotomy and Other Obstetrical Procedures

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Questions and Answers

After an amniotomy, what is the priority nursing assessment?

  • Maternal temperature
  • Uterine contraction frequency
  • Maternal blood pressure
  • Fetal heart rate (FHR) (correct)

A client with oligohydramnios is admitted for amnioinfusion. What is the primary goal of this intervention?

  • To increase the fluid volume around the fetus (correct)
  • To induce labor
  • To reduce maternal blood pressure
  • To decrease uterine contractions

Which intervention is essential for an Rh-negative woman following an external cephalic version (ECV)?

  • Administration of Rho(D) immune globulin (RhoGAM) (correct)
  • Administration of antibiotics
  • Continuous fetal monitoring for 48 hours
  • Application of a fetal scalp electrode

A patient at 37 weeks gestation is in a transverse lie. What procedure might be considered to facilitate a vaginal delivery?

<p>External Cephalic Version (ECV) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rationale for administering tocolytic drugs during an external cephalic version (ECV)?

<p>To relax the uterus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is experiencing a prolonged deceleration in FHR. What is the most appropriate initial nursing intervention?

<p>Change maternal position (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After a vaginal delivery complicated by a third-degree laceration, which intervention is most important for the nurse to include in the patient's plan of care?

<p>Administer a stool softener (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is admitted in active labor. The fetal heart rate baseline is 140 bpm with moderate variability. There are accelerations to 155 bpm lasting 15 seconds. How should the nurse interpret this tracing?

<p>Reassuring, indicates fetal well-being (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What finding on a fetal monitoring strip is most indicative of uteroplacental insufficiency?

<p>Late decelerations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client had a previous cesarean birth with a low transverse uterine incision. Which of the following is the greatest risk for a trial of labor after cesarean birth?

<p>Uterine rupture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse notes variable decelerations on the fetal monitoring strip. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

<p>Change the maternal position (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns requires the most immediate intervention?

<p>Variable decelerations decreasing to 70 bpm for 60 seconds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A newborn is not breathing spontaneously after birth. What is the initial step in newborn resuscitation?

<p>Providing warmth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is caring for a patient who is 40 weeks gestation and in active labor. Which assessment finding would be most concerning and require immediate intervention?

<p>Late decelerations present with each contraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is in the second stage of labor. The nurse observes the fetal head is crowning, but the fetal heart rate drops to 90 bpm. What is the priority nursing intervention?

<p>Call for the delivery provider to expedite delivery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is reviewing the electronic fetal monitoring strip and notes a pattern of accelerations. What do accelerations indicate?

<p>Fetal well-being (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is diagnosed with thick meconium-stained amniotic fluid. Which intervention is most likely to be performed to dilute the meconium?

<p>Amnioinfusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is most accurate regarding episiotomies?

<p>Episiotomies are not routinely recommended due to lack of benefit and potential harm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is undergoing continuous electronic fetal monitoring. The nurse notes the baseline fetal heart rate (FHR) is 90 bpm. What action should the performing nurse take first?

<p>Administer oxygen to the mother (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'variability' refer to in electronic fetal monitoring?

<p>Fluctuations in the baseline fetal heart rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After delivery, umbilical cord blood is collected for blood gas analysis. What information does this analysis provide?

<p>Fetal oxygenation and metabolic status (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a history of prior cesarean section is requesting a VBAC. Which of the following factors is the most important for the nurse to assess?

<p>The type of uterine incision in the prior cesarean (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is receiving an amnioinfusion. Which of the following assessments is most critical during this procedure?

<p>Fetal heart rate patterns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for a trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC)?

<p>Prior classical uterine incision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of monitoring uterine contractions during labor?

<p>To assess the frequency, duration, and intensity of contractions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indication for a cesarean birth?

<p>Fetal distress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing to assist with a vacuum-assisted birth. What should the nurse do to prepare for this procedure?

<p>Set up the vacuum extraction device (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient in active labor is experiencing intense back pain. What position would be most helpful to relieve this pain?

<p>Hands and knees position (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse notes late decelerations on the fetal monitoring strip. What nursing intervention would be implemented?

<p>Administer oxygen to the mother (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a history of drug use delivers a newborn. What resuscitation action must be anticipated for the newborn?

<p>Administering medication to stimulate breathing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A primiparous woman at 40 weeks gestation is admitted to the labor and delivery unit. She reports that her membranes spontaneously ruptured 2 hours prior to arrival. Which nursing action is most appropriate to perform first?

<p>Initiate continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is in active labor. Upon examination, the nurse notes the presence of thick meconium-stained amniotic fluid. Which action should the nurse anticipate?

<p>Assisting with amnioinfusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is scheduled for an external cephalic version (ECV). Which of the following medications would the nurse anticipate administering prior to the procedure?

<p>Tocolytic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fetal heart rate findings is most concerning?

<p>Late decelerations with decreased variability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After a difficult forceps-assisted delivery, the nurse should prioritize assessment for:

<p>Maternal vaginal hematoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In addition to assessing the mother, the nurse should assess the newborn for trauma. What finding in the newborn after a vacuum-assisted delivery should be reported?

<p>Poor muscle tone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nurse is caring for a patient at 39 weeks gestation who is in active labor. The electronic fetal monitor shows repetitive late decelerations. What is the nurse's first action?

<p>Reposition the patient (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client is in labor, and the nurse observes a fetal heart rate pattern that shows a sudden drop from the baseline, lasting longer than 2 minutes but less than 10 minutes, before returning to the baseline. How would the nurse document this acceleration?

<p>Prolonged deceleration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nurse is caring for a newly delivered infant who required resuscitation at birth. After stabilization, which assessment finding is most concerning and warrants further investigation?

<p>Persistent central cyanosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct about baseline FHR?

<p>Baseline FHR is the average FHR range of 110-160 bpm during a 10-minute segment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct about early decelerations?

<p>Early decelerations mirror uterine contractions and are usually benign (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Amniotomy (AROM)

Deliberate rupture of amniotic sac to induce/accelerate labor.

Amnioinfusion

Instillation of warmed sterile saline into the uterus.

External Cephalic Version (ECV)

Procedure to turn fetus from breech/transverse to cephalic presentation.

Tocolytic Drugs

Medications to relax the uterus.

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Rho(D) Immune Globulin (RhoGAM)

Administered to Rh-negative women after ECV.

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Episiotomy

Incision of the perineum to enlarge the vaginal outlet.

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Forceps-Assisted Birth

Using forceps to aid fetal head delivery.

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Vacuum-Assisted Birth

Using a vacuum cup to assist in fetal head delivery.

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Cesarean Birth

Surgical delivery through abdomen and uterus incision.

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VBAC

Trial of labor and vaginal birth after previous cesarean.

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Continuous Electronic Fetal Monitoring

Assesses fetal heart rate and uterine contractions.

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Baseline FHR

Average FHR range of 110-160 bpm.

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Variability (FHR)

Fluctuations in the baseline FHR.

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Accelerations (FHR)

Abrupt increases in FHR above baseline.

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Decelerations (FHR)

Decreases in FHR below the baseline.

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Early Decelerations

Mirror uterine contractions, usually benign.

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Late Decelerations

Begin after contraction peak, indicate uteroplacental insufficiency.

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Variable Decelerations

Abrupt decreases in FHR, often from cord compression.

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Prolonged Decelerations

Decreases in FHR lasting 2-10 minutes.

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Study Notes

  • Amniotomy, also known as artificial rupture of membranes (AROM), is the deliberate rupture of the amniotic sac to induce or accelerate labor
  • AROM can stimulate or strengthen contractions
  • Labor typically begins within 24 hours of membrane rupture
  • Assess FHR before and after amniotomy to detect possible umbilical cord prolapse
  • Amnioinfusion involves the instillation of warmed sterile normal saline or lactated Ringer's solution into the uterus via an intrauterine pressure catheter
  • Amnioinfusion is used to increase the volume of fluid when oligohydramnios is present
  • Amnioinfusion helps dilute thick meconium-stained amniotic fluid
  • External cephalic version (ECV) is a procedure used to turn the fetus from a breech or transverse presentation to a cephalic presentation
  • ECV may be attempted after 36 weeks gestation
  • Tocolytic drugs are administered to relax the uterus during the ECV procedure
  • Rho(D) immune globulin (RhoGAM) is administered to Rh-negative women after ECV
  • Episiotomy is an incision of the perineum to enlarge the vaginal outlet
  • Episiotomies are not routinely recommended due to lack of benefit and potential harm
  • Forceps-assisted birth involves using forceps to assist in the delivery of the fetal head
  • Vacuum-assisted birth involves using a vacuum cup to assist in the delivery of the fetal head
  • The vacuum cup is placed on the fetal head, and suction is applied to facilitate descent and delivery
  • Cesarean birth is the surgical delivery of the fetus through an incision in the abdomen and uterus
  • Cesarean birth may be planned or unplanned
  • Indications for cesarean birth include fetal distress, breech presentation, placental abnormalities, and previous cesarean birth
  • VBAC (vaginal birth after cesarean) is a trial of labor and vaginal birth for women who have had a previous cesarean birth
  • Continuous electronic fetal monitoring is essential during labor and birth
  • Monitoring assesses fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns and uterine contractions
  • FHR patterns provide information about fetal well-being and response to labor
  • Uterine contractions are monitored for frequency, duration, and intensity
  • Baseline FHR is the average FHR range of 110-160 bpm during a 10-minute segment
  • Variability is the fluctuations in the baseline FHR, indicating fetal cardiac and neurological function
  • Accelerations are abrupt increases in FHR above the baseline, indicating fetal movement and well-being
  • Decelerations are decreases in FHR below the baseline
  • Early decelerations mirror uterine contractions and are usually benign
  • Late decelerations begin after the peak of the contraction and indicate uteroplacental insufficiency
  • Variable decelerations are abrupt decreases in FHR and are often caused by umbilical cord compression
  • Prolonged decelerations are decreases in FHR lasting more than 2 minutes but less than 10 minutes
  • Nursing interventions for non-reassuring FHR patterns include changing maternal position, administering oxygen, and increasing intravenous fluids
  • Umbilical cord blood analysis is performed after birth to assess the newborn's acid-base balance
  • Cord blood gases provide information about fetal oxygenation and metabolic status
  • Newborn resuscitation may be necessary if the newborn is not breathing or has a low heart rate after birth
  • Resuscitation efforts include providing warmth, clearing the airway, and providing ventilation
  • Medication may be administered to stimulate breathing and increase heart rate

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