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Questions and Answers
What is the one-letter code for phenylalanine?
What is the one-letter code for phenylalanine?
- F (correct)
- Y
- A
- P
Which amino acid is represented by the three-letter code ‘Arg’?
Which amino acid is represented by the three-letter code ‘Arg’?
- Proline
- Arginine (correct)
- Tyrosine
- Phenylalanine
What distinguishes tyrosine from phenylalanine?
What distinguishes tyrosine from phenylalanine?
- Presence of a carboxyl group
- Presence of a sulfur group
- Presence of an amine group
- Presence of a hydroxyl group (correct)
Which amino acid has a phenyl group?
Which amino acid has a phenyl group?
What is the primary structure of arginine at physiological pH?
What is the primary structure of arginine at physiological pH?
Which of the following amino acids is a phenyl-substituted alanine?
Which of the following amino acids is a phenyl-substituted alanine?
Why is 'F' chosen as the one-letter code for phenylalanine?
Why is 'F' chosen as the one-letter code for phenylalanine?
What component is missing from phenylalanine that is present in tyrosine?
What component is missing from phenylalanine that is present in tyrosine?
Which of the following amino acids has the abbreviation 'Glu'?
Which of the following amino acids has the abbreviation 'Glu'?
What is the one-letter code for Lysine?
What is the one-letter code for Lysine?
Which amino acid has a side chain containing -NH2 group?
Which amino acid has a side chain containing -NH2 group?
Which of the following is NOT an amino acid mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT an amino acid mentioned?
What structural component is common to all amino acids?
What structural component is common to all amino acids?
What does a clockwise rotation of plane-polarized light by an amino acid indicate about its stereochemistry?
What does a clockwise rotation of plane-polarized light by an amino acid indicate about its stereochemistry?
Which amino acid is noted for having an R-configuration at its chiral center due to the priority of the sulfur atom?
Which amino acid is noted for having an R-configuration at its chiral center due to the priority of the sulfur atom?
Which chiral center configuration does L-threonine possess?
Which chiral center configuration does L-threonine possess?
What is true regarding the configurations of L-amino acids and their relationship to the R/S system?
What is true regarding the configurations of L-amino acids and their relationship to the R/S system?
In pathological conditions, which amino acids can accumulate as their respective stereoisomers?
In pathological conditions, which amino acids can accumulate as their respective stereoisomers?
What is the primary role of amino acids in biological systems?
What is the primary role of amino acids in biological systems?
How many proteinogenic amino acids are there?
How many proteinogenic amino acids are there?
What determines the properties of an amino acid?
What determines the properties of an amino acid?
Which part of the amino acid structure is critical for its interaction with other molecules?
Which part of the amino acid structure is critical for its interaction with other molecules?
What is a common feature of all amino acids?
What is a common feature of all amino acids?
In the provided structure of amino acids, what is the significance of the 'R' group?
In the provided structure of amino acids, what is the significance of the 'R' group?
Which amino acid is represented by the abbreviation 'Thr'?
Which amino acid is represented by the abbreviation 'Thr'?
Which amino acid is a precursor to serine?
Which amino acid is a precursor to serine?
What characteristic distinguishes r-glyceraldehyde from o-glyceraldehyde?
What characteristic distinguishes r-glyceraldehyde from o-glyceraldehyde?
What configuration do amino acids that are similar to r-glyceraldehyde possess?
What configuration do amino acids that are similar to r-glyceraldehyde possess?
Which of the following is true about L-amino acids?
Which of the following is true about L-amino acids?
Which statement about the designation of amino acids as L- or D- is accurate?
Which statement about the designation of amino acids as L- or D- is accurate?
What is a known exception regarding L-amino acids in certain bacteria?
What is a known exception regarding L-amino acids in certain bacteria?
Which of the following statements is false regarding amino acids?
Which of the following statements is false regarding amino acids?
What specific property defines the distinction between levorotatory and dextrorotatory compounds?
What specific property defines the distinction between levorotatory and dextrorotatory compounds?
Which structural feature is shared between r-glyceraldehyde and L-amino acids?
Which structural feature is shared between r-glyceraldehyde and L-amino acids?
Study Notes
Arginine
- Arginine is a proteinogenic amino acid with the one-letter code "R"
- Arginine's structure contains a guanidinium group, which is a positively charged functional group.
Phenylalanine
- Phenylalanine is a proteinogenic amino acid with the one-letter code "F"
- It has a benzene ring attached to its side chain.
- Phenylalanine is an aromatic amino acid.
Tyrosine
- Tyrosine is identical to phenylalanine, except for a hydroxyl group on its benzene ring.
- Tyrosine is also an aromatic amino acid.
Glyceraldehyde and Amino Acid Stereochemistry
- D-glyceraldehyde is dextrorotatory, rotating plane-polarized light clockwise.
- L-glyceraldehyde is levorotatory, rotating plane-polarized light counterclockwise.
- The chiral center in L-amino acids has a similar configuration to L-glyceraldehyde.
- The chiral center in D-amino acids has a similar configuration to D-glyceraldehyde.
- Note: While the L- and D- designations refer to structural similarity to glyceraldehyde, they do not indicate how the amino acid rotates plane-polarized light.
- L-amino acids are the predominant form found in proteins.
Chirality in Side Chains
- Cysteine, threonine, and isoleucine all have chiral centers in their side chains.
- Cysteine's chiral center has an R-configuration, unlike other L-amino acids which have an S-configuration.
- Threonine's chiral center has an R-configuration.
- Isoleucine's chiral center has an S-configuration.
- Allothreonine and alloisoleucine, the enantiomers of threonine and isoleucine, are not common in healthy organisms.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts related to amino acids, including arginine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine. It also addresses the stereochemistry of glyceraldehyde and its relation to amino acids. Test your understanding of their structures and properties!
