Amino Acid Structure and Properties

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Questions and Answers

What is a requirement for a molecule to be chiral?

  • It has a carbon atom.
  • It has a carbon with four different groups. (correct)
  • It has a nitrogen atom.
  • It has four or more atoms.

Why can introducing the wrong-handed isomer of a chiral molecule have effects?

  • Because our bodies can use both isomers.
  • Because our bodies can only use one of the isomers. (correct)
  • Because the wrong-handed isomer is always harmless.
  • Because the wrong-handed isomer is always toxic.

What is unique about how chiral molecules interact with plane-polarized light?

  • They don't interact with it at all.
  • They reflect it completely.
  • They interact with it differently. (correct)
  • They absorb it completely.

Which of the following belongs to the right-handed family?

<p>Carbohydrates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the two isomers of carvone?

<p>One smells like spearmint, the other like caraway. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of prescribing the wrong-handed isomer of thalidomide?

<p>It caused horrific birth defects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that determines the identity of an amino acid?

<p>The side chain of the amino acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of side chains are the most polar due to their ionized form at physiological pH?

<p>Acidic and basic side chains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are hydrogen bonds possible in certain amino acid side chains?

<p>When a hydrogen atom is directly bonded to an oxygen or nitrogen atom (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason why biochemists prefer to use one-letter abbreviations for amino acids?

<p>Because they are more commonly used (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are amino acids typically grouped according to their side chains?

<p>According to their main functional group in the side chain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the amine functional group in alpha amino acids?

<p>On the first carbon out from the main functional group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of naturally occurring amino acids?

<p>They belong to the L-family (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can we digest D-sugars but not L-sugars?

<p>Because of the inherent handedness of proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the intramolecular acid-base reaction in amino acids?

<p>Formation of a zwitterion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a zwitterion?

<p>A species that is electrically neutral but has separated positive and negative ionic charges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the acidic functional group in amino acids?

<p>It donates a proton (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of amino acids (except glycine)?

<p>They are chiral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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