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Questions and Answers
Which amino acid activates N-acetyl-glutamate synthase?
Which amino acid activates N-acetyl-glutamate synthase?
How is ammonia transported from muscle to the liver?
How is ammonia transported from muscle to the liver?
Which hepatocytes express the highest activity of ornithine cycle enzymes?
Which hepatocytes express the highest activity of ornithine cycle enzymes?
Which amino acid contributes to the increased activity of sirtuins?
Which amino acid contributes to the increased activity of sirtuins?
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What effect does acidosis have on glutamine synthesis activity in the liver?
What effect does acidosis have on glutamine synthesis activity in the liver?
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Which pair of amino acids are released at the highest concentration from
skeletal muscle in the fasting state?
Which pair of amino acids are released at the highest concentration from skeletal muscle in the fasting state?
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What is the main result of glutaminolysis?
What is the main result of glutaminolysis?
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Deficiency of which vitamin would lead to enhanced excretion of methylmalonate in the urine?
Deficiency of which vitamin would lead to enhanced excretion of methylmalonate in the urine?
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What is the role of Selenium (Se) in the function of the thyroid gland?
What is the role of Selenium (Se) in the function of the thyroid gland?
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How is the nitrogen balance affected if food is depleted of Leucine but all other amino acids are doubled?
How is the nitrogen balance affected if food is depleted of Leucine but all other amino acids are doubled?
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Which amino acid should be enriched in the diet of a patient with phenylketonuria?
Which amino acid should be enriched in the diet of a patient with phenylketonuria?
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Which interconversion includes glutamic semialdehyde as an intermediate?
Which interconversion includes glutamic semialdehyde as an intermediate?
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Study Notes
Amino Acid Activators and Transport
- Arginine is an activator of N-acetyl-glutamate synthase
- Glutamine is the form in which ammonia is transported from muscle to the liver
Hepatocyte Activity
- Pericentral hepatocytes express the highest activity of the ornithine cycle enzymes
Amino Acid Contributions
- Tryptophan contributes to the increase in the activity of the sirtuins
Acidosis Effects
- Acidosis increases the activity of glutamine synthesis in the pericentral hepatocytes
Amino Acid Degradation
- Leucine does not contribute to the formation of pyruvate in the course of its degradation
Glucose Synthesis
- Leucine cannot provide any C-atom for the synthesis of glucose in humans
Skeletal Muscle Release
- Alanine and glutamine are released at the highest concentration from skeletal muscle in the fasting state
Glutaminolysis
- Glutaminolysis involves the conversion of glutamine to aspartate
Tetrahydrofolate Transfer
- Serine is the most common source of the 1C groups transferred by tetrahydrofolate
Vitamin Deficiency
- Deficiency of vitamin B12 would cause enhanced excretion of methylmalonate in the urine
Phenylketonuria Diet
- The diet of a patient with phenylketonuria should be enriched with tryptophan and tyrosine
Interconversions
- Glutamic semialdehyde is an intermediate in the interconversion of arginine to proline
Vitamin Co-Factors
- Vitamin C is a co-factor in the synthesis of hydroxyproline
Thyroid Function
- Selenium participates in the structure of deiodinase in the function of the thyroid gland
Nitrogen Balance
- A diet depleted of leucine would lead to a negative nitrogen balance
- A diet depleted of glutamine would have no change in nitrogen balance
Serotonin Sleep-Promoting Effect
- Dietary supplementation with leucine could counteract the sleep-promoting effect of serotonin
Metalloproteases
- Carboxypeptidase is a metalloprotease
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Description
Test your knowledge on amino acid metabolism, including activators of N-acetyl-glutamate synthase, ammonia transportation, hepatic enzyme activities, and more.
