8 Questions
What is the process in which RNA complementary to a DNA strand is formed called?
Transcription
Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of RNA complementary to a DNA strand?
RNA Polymerase
What type of RNA is involved in the synthesis of protein molecules?
mRNA
What is the name of the enzyme involved in the synthesis of rRNA in eukaryotes?
RNA Polymerase I
After transcription, what is the name given to the inactive RNA that requires further processing to become active?
pre-RNA
In prokaryotes, how many types of RNA polymerase are present to synthesize different classes of RNA?
1
Which type of RNA is involved in transferring amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
tRNA
What is the main product of transcription?
RNA
Study Notes
Protein Synthesis and Amino Acid Metabolism
- Protein synthesis is the process of biosynthesizing protein molecules in the cell by sequential addition of amino acids using peptide bonds.
- The resulting polypeptide chain is a unit of a protein molecule.
- In a protein molecule, amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds.
Transcription in Protein Synthesis
- Transcription is the formation of RNA complementary to a DNA strand.
- This process synthesizes the RNAs required for protein synthesis on DNA strands.
- RNA polymerase is the enzyme that catalyzes transcription.
- In eukaryotes, there are three types of RNA polymerase: I, II, and III, which synthesize rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA, respectively.
- In prokaryotes, only one type of RNA polymerase is present to synthesize all three classes of RNA.
RNA Processing
- The RNA produced by transcription is inactive and is called pre-RNA.
- Pre-RNA becomes active after further processing through chemical reactions and structural modifications.
Learn about the fundamental concepts of protein synthesis and the biosynthesis of protein molecules through the sequential addition of amino acids. Explore how amino acids are linked together to form polypeptide chains and ultimately protein molecules.
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