Amino Acid Classification Quiz

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What is the main function of starch in plants?

Cell wall synthesis

Structural support

Energy storage (correct)

Enzyme activation

Which type of bond joins the glucose units in amylose?

α-1,4-glycosidic bond (correct)

β-1,4-glycosidic bond

Peptide bond

α-1,6-glycosidic bond

What is the approximate ratio of amylose to amylopectin in most starches?

75:25

20:80 (correct)

30:70

50:50

Which polysaccharide constitutes almost half of the cell-wall material of wood?

Cellulose Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond joins the glucose units in cellulose?

β-1,4-glycosidic bond Signup and view all the answers

In which cells is glycogen primarily stored in the body of a well-nourished adult human?

Liver and muscle cells Signup and view all the answers

What gives identity to an amino acid?

R group (side chain) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of amino acid has an additional carboxyl group?

Polar Acidic Signup and view all the answers

What is the configuration of the vast majority of α-amino acids at the α-carbon?

L-configuration Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is achiral and does not have a stereocenter?

Glycine Signup and view all the answers

In which form are amino acids properly written, indicating their charges?

Zwitterion form Signup and view all the answers

Proline is considered a __________ amino acid because it does not follow the formula for a primary amino acid.

Secondary Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a cofactor in an enzyme?

It is a nonprotein inorganic portion of an enzyme that is necessary for catalytic function. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Apoenzyme part of an enzyme composed of?

The protein part only Signup and view all the answers

What happens when enzyme concentration increases according to Loyola’s statement?

The rate increases linearly Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the optimal temperature for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is exceeded?

The reaction rate decreases due to enzyme conformational changes Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the enzyme is responsible for binding with the substrate during a reaction?

Active site Signup and view all the answers

What effect does pH have on the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Leads to denaturation of the enzyme Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical range of carbon atoms found in fatty acids?

12-20 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fatty acids is considered rare due to its trans isomer predominance?

Linoleic acid Signup and view all the answers

Why do unsaturated fatty acids generally have lower melting points compared to saturated fatty acids?

They contain double bonds that introduce kinks Signup and view all the answers

What type of compounds are triglycerides and what are they composed of?

Esters; glycerols and fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

Why are only even-numbered fatty acids found in triglycerides?

Due to the acetate units used by the body to build these acids Signup and view all the answers

Why are triglycerides considered the most common lipid materials?

As they contain long hydrocarbon chains causing hydrophobic character Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a strong acid is added to an amino acid zwitterion?

The strong acid donates a proton to the carboxyl group, turning the zwitterion into a positive ion Signup and view all the answers

At low pH, what is the protonation status of the amino and carboxyl groups in an amino acid?

Amino group protonated, carboxyl group deprotonated Signup and view all the answers

What is the acidic form of an amino acid zwitterion at high pH?

Neutral ion with deprotonated carboxyl group Signup and view all the answers

What defines the isoelectric point of an amino acid?

Equal number of positive and negative charges in the sample Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a strong base is added to an amino acid zwitterion?

Proton transferred from NH3+ group to the base, turning zwitterion into a negative ion Signup and view all the answers

What do low and high pH values correspond to in terms of the protonation status of an amino acid?

Low pH: Fully protonated; High pH: Fully deprotonated Signup and view all the answers