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Questions and Answers
Which of the following amino acids is classified as nonpolar?
Which of the following amino acids is classified as nonpolar?
Proline is commonly referred to as an imino acid.
Proline is commonly referred to as an imino acid.
True
What are the two categories of amino acids based on their side chains?
What are the two categories of amino acids based on their side chains?
Polar and nonpolar
Amino acids with __________ side chains do not gain or lose protons.
Amino acids with __________ side chains do not gain or lose protons.
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Which amino acids have a hydrophilic nature?
Which amino acids have a hydrophilic nature?
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All amino acids possess a polar side chain.
All amino acids possess a polar side chain.
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Name one function of amino acids in proteins.
Name one function of amino acids in proteins.
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The side chains of nonpolar amino acids tend to cluster together in __________ solutions.
The side chains of nonpolar amino acids tend to cluster together in __________ solutions.
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Match the following types of amino acids with their corresponding properties:
Match the following types of amino acids with their corresponding properties:
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What is one property of amino acids with uncharged polar side chains?
What is one property of amino acids with uncharged polar side chains?
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Which amino acids are considered essential for the human diet?
Which amino acids are considered essential for the human diet?
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Glutamic acid is a proton donor and is positively charged at physiologic pH.
Glutamic acid is a proton donor and is positively charged at physiologic pH.
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What type of amino acids are arginine and lysine?
What type of amino acids are arginine and lysine?
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Sickle cell anemia involves the substitution of glutamic acid with ______.
Sickle cell anemia involves the substitution of glutamic acid with ______.
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Match the amino acids with their classification:
Match the amino acids with their classification:
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What property of amino acids allows them to act as buffers in solution?
What property of amino acids allows them to act as buffers in solution?
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All amino acids found in proteins have the D-configuration.
All amino acids found in proteins have the D-configuration.
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Which amino acid does not have optical activity?
Which amino acid does not have optical activity?
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Amino acids are classified based on nutritional requirements into essential, nonessential, and ______ amino acids.
Amino acids are classified based on nutritional requirements into essential, nonessential, and ______ amino acids.
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Which of these amino acids is nonessential?
Which of these amino acids is nonessential?
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Study Notes
Amino Acid Chemistry
- There are 20 commonly occurring amino acids that are building blocks of proteins.
- Amino acids can be classified based on the properties of their side chains, which can be nonpolar, uncharged polar, acidic, or basic.
- Nonpolar amino acids are hydrophobic and tend to cluster together in the interior of proteins.
- Uncharged polar amino acids are hydrophilic and participate in hydrogen bonding.
- Acidic amino acids are hydrophilic and have a negative charge at physiological pH.
- Basic amino acids are hydrophilic and have a positive charge at physiological pH.
- Proline is a unique amino acid that often interrupts alpha-helices in proteins.
- The side chains of amino acids contribute to the overall structure and function of proteins. One example is sickle cell anemia, where a single amino acid change from glutamic acid to valine leads to a dysfunctional hemoglobin molecule.
- Amino acids can be classified based on their nutritional requirements, including essential, non-essential, and semi-essential.
- Essential amino acids must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot synthesize them.
- Non-essential amino acids can be synthesized by the body.
- Semi-essential amino acids are required by growing children but not necessarily adults.
- Amino acids can exist in two forms, D and L, which are mirror images of each other.
- All amino acids found in proteins are of the L-configuration.
- Amino acids have both acidic and basic properties due to their carboxyl and amino groups.
- This allows amino acids to act as buffers, resisting changes in pH.
Optical properties
- Amino acids are chiral, meaning they have four different groups attached to a central carbon atom.
- The presence of a chiral center allows for the existence of two different stereoisomers, D and L.
- The L-isomer of amino acids is found in proteins, while the D-isomer is rare in nature.
- Glycine, the simplest amino acid, is achiral as it has two hydrogen atoms attached to the alpha carbon.
- The optical properties of amino acids can have significant impacts on protein function.
Buffering properties
- Amino acids can act as buffers, resisting changes in pH.
- This is due to the presence of both acidic and basic groups in their structure.
- Amino acids can buffer both acids and bases, which is crucial for maintaining the proper pH of biological systems.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the 20 commonly occurring amino acids, their classification based on side chain properties, and their roles in protein structure. This quiz covers essential concepts, including the impact of amino acid changes on diseases like sickle cell anemia.
