America's Gilded Age (1870-1890)

For the first time, a majority of the workforce engaged in nonfarming jobs.

Railroads enabled mass production, distribution, and marketing of goods, facilitating the growth of a national market.

Edison's innovations transformed daily life and were essential for industrial and urban growth.

<p>Ruthless competition led to businesses consolidating to avoid cutthroat practices, with many firms merging into larger corporations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carnegie utilized vertical integration to control all aspects of steel production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Industrial leaders were often viewed as either 'captains of industry' for their contributions or 'robber barons' for their exploitative practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most workers experienced economic insecurity and hazardous working conditions, with a high rate of accidents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Class divisions became increasingly visible, with a stark contrast between the wealthy and the impoverished.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>War and treaties were two key methods used by the federal government to acquire Indian land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More land came into cultivation, significantly increasing agricultural production compared to previous centuries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He warned that large-scale irrigation projects and communal farming were necessary for successful agriculture in arid conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small farmers became increasingly oriented towards national and international markets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cowboys became symbols of freedom as farming practices began to enclose the open range.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chinese immigrants worked in mining, agriculture, and manufacturing, integrating into various sectors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Veblen criticized their conspicuous consumption, highlighting a wasteful lifestyle that emphasized status over utility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Mountain Meadows Massacre, where over 100 settlers were killed by Mormons, highlighted these tensions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many viewed it as inevitable and justified by the idea of progress, accepting inequality as a natural outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Western settlement eroded the isolation of Mormon religious communities, leading to significant conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social Darwinism claimed that societal evolution was natural and that government should not intervene in social hierarchies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Supreme Court voided a law limiting bakers' working hours, arguing it infringed on individual freedom and liberty of contract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Knights of Labor accepted all workers except Asian immigrants and focused on enhancing social conditions for laborers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 was the first national labor walkout, supported by President Rutherford B. Hayes using federal troops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The courts generally viewed state regulation as an infringement on free labor and sided with business enterprises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Labor contracts were seen as a means to balance freedom and authority, allowing workers to negotiate their conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The single tax.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cooperative Commonwealth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a social condition resting on interdependence, not on autonomy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To outlaw the consumption of alcohol through federal legislation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An equalization of wealth and power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Haymarket Affair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggested that labor might establish itself as a permanent political force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Mormon ban on polygamy was a significant factor that allowed Utah to acquire statehood and comply with federal government demands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The incorporation of the West into the national economy led to the doom of the Plains Indians and the destruction of their way of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prostitution, gambling, birth control, and polygamy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grant's Peace Policy aimed to end military violence against Native Americans and promote peaceful relations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The battle at Little Bighorn was significant as Sioux and Cheyenne warriors successfully attacked General Custer's forces, marking a notable victory for Native Americans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Dawes Act led to the division of tribal lands into small parcels, resulting in a significant loss of Native American land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elk v. Wilkins upheld that the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments did not apply to Native Americans, denying them citizenship rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many Native Americans were unwilling to accept citizenship because it required them to abandon their tribal identities and assimilate into American society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Although Congress granted citizenship to all Native Americans in 1924, their right to vote remained contested in some states even into the late 1940s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Ghost Dance was a religious revitalization campaign that aimed to restore Native American culture and bring about a better future. Indians sought solace in it to find hope and healing in response to their suffering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On December 29, 1890, soldiers opened fire on Ghost Dancers at Wounded Knee Creek, killing between 150 and 200 Indians, mostly women and children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Settler societies are characterized by emigrants from overseas who quickly outnumber and displace the original inhabitants. This category includes countries like the United States, Argentina, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The image of the West that emerged after the Civil War was one of a lawless 'Wild' region ruled by cowboys and Indians. In reality, the West included farms, labor conflicts, and a diverse population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Political machines played a significant role in controlling urban politics, often engaging in corrupt practices. A prominent figure associated with this was Boss Tweed, who exploited the city's resources for personal gain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pensions for Union soldiers and their families consumed nearly half of the federal budget during the Gilded Age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The political landscape during the Gilded Age seemed remarkably healthy, despite significant corruption and closely contested national elections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examples of national-level corruption during the Grant administration include the Crédit Mobilier corporation and the Whiskey Ring.</p> Signup and view all the answers