American Yawp Chapter 3 Flashcards

Key Figures and Events

• Reverend Francis Le Jau: Minister known for baptizing and educating many enslaved individuals.
• Captain Thomas Phillips: Experienced ship captain involved in the slave trade.
• Pequot War: 1636-1638 conflict for land and trade control between English settlers and Pequot Indians in Connecticut.
• King Philip's War: Significant conflict (1675-1676) led by Metacom, or King Philip, as Native Americans fought to expel English settlers from southern New England.

Slave Trade and Colonial Life

• Middle Passage: The transatlantic route transporting enslaved Africans to the Caribbean and southern U.S., often marked by horrific conditions.
• Dysentery: Common affliction among slaves during the Middle Passage, characterized by severe diarrhea.
• Married Abroad: Enslaved individuals married yet living on separate plantations faced challenges in maintaining family ties.

Colonial Governance

• Castillo de San Marcos: Fort built in St. Augustine, Florida, as a defensive response to the establishment of Charleston, SC.
• Decree of Sanctuary: Spanish law offering freedom to slaves who converted to Catholicism and pledged loyalty to Spain.
• Lords of Trade and Plantations: Royal committee founded to oversee colonial affairs and enforce mercantile practices.

Wars and Conflicts

• Great Swamp Fight: Part of King Philip's War, where colonial militias encountered Native Americans.
• Bacon's Rebellion (1676): Uprising led by Nathaniel Bacon against Virginia Governor Berkeley's policies, indicating tensions between frontiersmen and the colonial government.

Religious and Political Influences

• Thomas Hooker: Puritan leader advocating for limited government power and migration to Connecticut for governance reforms.
• Roger Williams: Founding figure of Rhode Island, promoting separation of church and state.
• William Penn: Quaker who established Pennsylvania to promote religious freedom and peace.

Political Changes in England

• Charles I (1600-1649): His reign saw political conflicts with Parliament, leading to English Civil War and his execution.
• Oliver Cromwell: Military leader instrumental in the Parliamentary victory in the Civil War, later ruled England as lord protector.
• Glorious Revolution (1688-1689): Transition of power to Mary and William of Orange, establishing constitutional limits on monarchy.

Colonial Structures and Rebellions

• Dominion of New England (1686): Political consolidation of several New England colonies under a royal governor, ending with popular revolt against Governor Andros.
• Bill of Rights (1689): Legislation ensuring parliamentary powers and Protestant succession in England.
• Sarah Drummond: Advocate for Virginia's independence and the establishment of a separate republic.

Indigenous Resistance

• Popé: Pueblo leader who significantly challenged Spanish rule, symbolizing Native resistance against colonial powers.
• Yamasee War (1715-1716): Defeat of Yamasee Indians, significantly diminishing coastal tribes in the southern colonies.
• Walking Purchase of 1737: Disputed land deal where Lenni Lenape Indians lost territory due to manipulated agreements by colonial authorities.