Questions and Answers
What does the term 'Reagan Revolution' refer to?
What is meant by 'white backlash'?
The social unrest and reaction from white Americans against Black Power, affirmative action, and busing intended to achieve racial balance.
What were the implications of Engel v. Vitale and Abington v. Schempp?
These Supreme Court decisions prohibited teacher-led prayer and Bible reading in public schools, leading some to view the judicial system as a threat to Christian values.
Who comprised the core of the 'religious right'?
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What was Phyllis Schlafly's role in the 1970s?
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What was the response of religious groups to Roe v. Wade?
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What was the primary agenda of the Moral Majority?
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How did Reagan view labor unions during his presidency?
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The economic theory called 'trickle down' suggests that tax cuts will result in wealth reaching lower-income groups through _____.
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What was the significance of the 'Reagan Recession'?
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What was the purpose of 'Farm Aid'?
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The 'Black Friday' market crash in 1987 resulted in investors losing more than $500 billion.
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What role did Reagan's administration have in the Middle East during his presidency?
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How did the Supreme Court nomination of Robert Bork end?
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Study Notes
Reagan Revolution
- Marks the rise of conservatism in the U.S. during the late 20th century.
White Backlash
- Emerged in response to Black Power and affirmative action in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
- Reflected white Americans' fears of social chaos following urban unrest and protests.
Engel v. Vitale and Abington v. Schempp
- Supreme Court rulings in the early 1960s that prohibited teacher-led prayer and Bible reading in public schools.
- Contributed to the belief among conservatives that liberalism threatened Christian values.
Religious Right
- Core group comprising evangelical Protestants prioritizing a personal relationship with Jesus and evangelism.
- Organized politically to influence policies in line with conservative Christian values.
Phyllis Schlafly
- Catholic activist who opposed the Equal Rights Amendment.
- Gained national attention through activism against the repeal of gay rights in Miami.
Roe v. Wade and Religious Response
- 1973 Supreme Court ruling on abortion provoked outrage among devout Catholics and evangelical Christians.
- Led to organized opposition focused on the sanctity of life.
Moral Majority
- Political organization aimed at promoting a conservative agenda emphasizing pro-life and pro-family issues.
- Successfully mobilized conservative voters and influenced Republican politics.
Neoconservatives
- Intellectuals disillusioned with liberalism who transitioned to the Republican Party.
- Defined by Irving Kristol as "liberals mugged by reality."
Jimmy Carter's 1978 Address
- Emphasized the limitations of government in solving economic issues.
- Captured the ideological shift in American governance away from New Deal principles.
Reagan and the Religious Right
- Reagan gained the support of the religious right despite being a nominal Christian.
- The Moral Majority mobilized two million new voters in the 1980 election through endorsements.
IRS Tax Exemption Issues
- Republican platform promised to halt IRS actions against racially segregated private schools.
Reagan's Welfare Critique
- Employed stereotypes to criticize welfare programs, appealing to white working-class voters’ cultural resentments.
Trickle-Down Economics
- Advocated significant tax cuts with the hope that wealth would trickle down to lower-income groups through job creation.
- Arthur Laffer predicted increased federal tax revenues from lower rates.
John Hinckley Assassination Attempt
- Reagan survived an assassination attempt in March 1981 by John Hinckley Jr.
PATCO and Labor Movement
- Reagan's decisive actions against the PATCO union significantly weakened labor movements in the U.S.
Reagan Recession
- Faced backlash over economic policies leading to a recession in the early 1980s.
- Democrats used the crisis to frame Reagan's policies as favoring the wealthy, winning House seats.
Morning Again in America
- Reagan’s 1984 re-election campaign touted an economic recovery, reflecting high personal popularity despite rising public debt.
Watergate Babies and Liberalism
- New generation of Democrats identified with liberalism while adopting market-based policy approaches.
Tax Reform Act of 1986
- Significant tax changes included lowering corporate and personal tax rates while simplifying the tax code.
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
- Aimed to legalize undocumented immigrants while restricting future undocumented migration; success was limited.
Robert Bork's Supreme Court Nomination
- His rejection highlighted the limits of Reagan's judicial influence amidst a conservative backlash.
Jesse Jackson's Presidential Campaigns
- First African American to run for the Democratic nomination, receiving notable support and achieving primary victories.
The Cosby Show
- A sitcom portraying an upwardly mobile African American family, reflecting class dynamics in perceptions of race.
Black Economic Rights
- Reagan's spending cuts adversely affected support programs for African American families, worsening socioeconomic conditions.
Law-and-Order Rhetoric
- Political narratives promoting aggressive law enforcement in minority communities contributed to mass incarceration.
Buy American Campaign
- U.S. competition with Japanese automakers spurred a national movement to support American products.
Farm Aid
- Organized in 1985 by musicians like Neil Young and Willie Nelson to raise funds for struggling farmers.
Black Friday
- October 1987 stock market crash resulted in massive financial losses, erasing significant market value.
Popular Culture Battles
- The 1980s saw contests between conservatives and liberals manifesting in music, film, and television.
Religious Conservatives and Abortion
- Efforts to amend the Constitution for stricter abortion laws faced challenges despite strong support from the political right.
Hyde Amendment
- Prohibiting federal funds for abortion, influencing state legislation and fueling ongoing debates about reproductive rights.
AIDS Crisis Response
- The emergence of AIDS stigmatized the gay community and highlighted historical prejudices regarding homosexuality.
Reagan Doctrine
- U.S. commitment to supporting anti-communist movements worldwide, marking a significant defense budget increase.
Changing Relations with the Soviets
- Reagan’s relationship with Soviet leaders laid groundwork for nuclear arms reduction agreements despite initial tensions.
Star Wars Initiative
- Proposed defense program aimed at missile interception through space technology, met with skepticism and criticism.
Iran-Contra Scandal
- Controversial arms sales to Iran and funding of Nicaraguan contras tarnished Reagan’s reputation but did not derail his foreign policy successes.
Economic Gains of the Decade
- Under Reagan, economic recovery seen, with declining unemployment and stock market improvements, but wealth disparity increased, particularly affecting marginalized communities.
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Description
Explore the key concepts of Chapter 29 from the American Yawp. This quiz covers significant terms and definitions such as the Reagan Revolution and the 'white backlash' phenomenon. Perfect for students studying American history in this era.
