American Rule and Japanese Occupation in the Philippines

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Questions and Answers

What was a significant impact of the US administration on the education system in the Philippines by 1927?

Filipino teachers made up nearly all teachers in public schools. (correct)

All Filipino teachers were educated in the US.

The school population decreased significantly.

Education became less important for governmental expenditures.

What was the literacy rate in the Philippines by the 1930s?

Approximately 25%

Nearly 50% (correct)

Only 10%

About 75%

What was one of the criticisms of US trade policy during the American period in the Philippines?

It was aimed at increasing literacy rates.

It was not conducive to the diffusion of economic power. (correct)

It supported small farmers exclusively.

It promoted land redistribution.

What decision did General Douglas MacArthur make to protect Manila from destruction during the Japanese invasion?

He declared it an open city. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary consequence of the 'Death March' during the Japanese occupation?

Many prisoners died due to extreme conditions. Signup and view all the answers

Which group was formed by farmers in Pampanga for protection against Japanese forces?

HUKBALAHAP Signup and view all the answers

What was the state of economic opportunities for Filipinos during the early American period?

Wealth was increasingly concentrated among the elite. Signup and view all the answers

What was one linguistic development in the Philippines by 1939?

English was spoken by approximately one-fourth of the population. Signup and view all the answers

What was a major topic of debate among US political parties regarding the Philippines during American rule?

The speed of self-government and timeline for independence Signup and view all the answers

What significant legislative body was established in 1907 in the Philippines?

Philippine Assembly Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Jones Act of 1916?

To set a definite date for granting independence Signup and view all the answers

How did American influence in Philippine governance change from 1903 to 1923?

Decreased from 51% to 6% Signup and view all the answers

What role did Gov.-Gen. Francis B. Harrison play in relation to the Philippines?

Appointed a Filipino majority to the commission Signup and view all the answers

Which act abolished the Philippine Commission and created a new Senate?

Jones Act Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of American influence remained in the governor-general's cabinet by 1925?

6% Signup and view all the answers

Which area of Philippine governance still faced restrictions after the Jones Act was implemented?

Defense and foreign affairs Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

American Rule in the Philippines

The US had a competing desire to be democratic and in control of the Philippines.
The debate surrounding independence involved US political parties
The Philippines saw the creation of it's first elected legislative body - the Philippine Assembly
By 1925, the only American remaining on the governor-general's cabinet was the secretary of public instruction.
Despite legal barriers, a majority of Filipinos amassed fortunes.
The trend towards greater concentration of landownership continued.
The percentage of farmers under share tenancy doubled between 1900 and 1935.
The US trade policy favoured owners of mills and large plantations, which reinforced the political dominance of the landed elite.
The lack of equality of economic opportunities hampered the creation of a social and economic base for political democracy.

Japanese Occupation

Japan invaded the Philippines in December 1941, starting with Clark Air Base and Nichols Field.
The Japanese occupied Manila on January 2, 1942, after it was declared an open city.
General Douglas MacArthur retreated to Bataan with his troops, before proceeding to the United States where they surrendered on April 9, 1942.
The 1942 Bataan Death March was a forced march of 76,000 captured US and Philippine soldiers from Bataan to a prison camp in Capas, Tarlac. An estimated 10,000 prisoners died.
Farmers in Pampanga formed local brigades for protection called "Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon" (HUKBALAHAP) or "Huks".

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Description

Explore the complex historical events surrounding the American rule and Japanese occupation of the Philippines. This quiz will cover the key political developments, economic challenges, and social dynamics of the era. Test your knowledge on the impact of these periods on the Philippines' journey towards independence.