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Questions and Answers
What was the primary belief of the American Protective Association (APA)?
What was the primary belief of the American Protective Association (APA)?
Which key figure was known for utilizing revival meetings for both religious and political purposes?
Which key figure was known for utilizing revival meetings for both religious and political purposes?
What did the American Protective Association advocate regarding public school teachers?
What did the American Protective Association advocate regarding public school teachers?
How did Billy Sunday's public persona contribute to American culture?
How did Billy Sunday's public persona contribute to American culture?
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What societal trend did the actions of the APA foreshadow in the post-World War I era?
What societal trend did the actions of the APA foreshadow in the post-World War I era?
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Which approach did Washington's leadership style primarily emphasize?
Which approach did Washington's leadership style primarily emphasize?
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What justification did women use for their reform efforts in the late nineteenth century?
What justification did women use for their reform efforts in the late nineteenth century?
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What was one of the first areas women targeted for reform?
What was one of the first areas women targeted for reform?
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What role did the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) play in the late nineteenth century?
What role did the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) play in the late nineteenth century?
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How did black women respond to issues of community support in the late 1800s?
How did black women respond to issues of community support in the late 1800s?
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What was a major challenge faced by the prohibition movement?
What was a major challenge faced by the prohibition movement?
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What type of campaigns did black club women undertake during the late nineteenth century?
What type of campaigns did black club women undertake during the late nineteenth century?
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What was a notable action taken by Ida B. Wells in response to social issues?
What was a notable action taken by Ida B. Wells in response to social issues?
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What was the United Daughters of the Confederacy primarily known for?
What was the United Daughters of the Confederacy primarily known for?
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What argument did antisuffragists use against women voters?
What argument did antisuffragists use against women voters?
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Which historical theory did Social Darwinism primarily draw upon?
Which historical theory did Social Darwinism primarily draw upon?
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Which location was known for its vibrant community of radical intellectuals and sexual rebellion?
Which location was known for its vibrant community of radical intellectuals and sexual rebellion?
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What did William Graham Sumner argue about competition?
What did William Graham Sumner argue about competition?
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What did the women's struggle for equality in the 1910s encompass?
What did the women's struggle for equality in the 1910s encompass?
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In which specific aspects could women vote in various localities by 1913?
In which specific aspects could women vote in various localities by 1913?
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Which group was founded in the late 19th century to address women's issues in a structured manner?
Which group was founded in the late 19th century to address women's issues in a structured manner?
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What was a key characteristic of the Reform Judaism movement among Jews in the late nineteenth century?
What was a key characteristic of the Reform Judaism movement among Jews in the late nineteenth century?
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What was the primary goal of the Social Gospel movement?
What was the primary goal of the Social Gospel movement?
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How did Yiddish-speaking Jews differ from Reform Jews in their approach to religious practices?
How did Yiddish-speaking Jews differ from Reform Jews in their approach to religious practices?
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What role did women's education play in the Protestant mission work of the late nineteenth century?
What role did women's education play in the Protestant mission work of the late nineteenth century?
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In what case did the Supreme Court rule that racial segregation was constitutional if facilities were "equal"?
In what case did the Supreme Court rule that racial segregation was constitutional if facilities were "equal"?
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What aspect of urban life did the Salvation Army address upon its arrival in the United States?
What aspect of urban life did the Salvation Army address upon its arrival in the United States?
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What effect did the Supreme Court's ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson have on American society?
What effect did the Supreme Court's ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson have on American society?
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What was the 'Niagara Creed' associated with the conservative Protestant movement?
What was the 'Niagara Creed' associated with the conservative Protestant movement?
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What was the purpose of the Lacey Act of 1900?
What was the purpose of the Lacey Act of 1900?
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Which of the following accurately describes the state of Protestant missions in the late nineteenth century?
Which of the following accurately describes the state of Protestant missions in the late nineteenth century?
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Which of the following statements about the rise of baseball is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about the rise of baseball is TRUE?
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How did "Muscular Christianity" influence gender expectations for men in the late 19th century?
How did "Muscular Christianity" influence gender expectations for men in the late 19th century?
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What did Orthodox synagogues established by Eastern European Jews signify?
What did Orthodox synagogues established by Eastern European Jews signify?
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What significant event occurred in 1903 regarding wildlife conservation?
What significant event occurred in 1903 regarding wildlife conservation?
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What is the primary argument put forward in the text regarding the development of "Muscular Christianity"?
What is the primary argument put forward in the text regarding the development of "Muscular Christianity"?
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What was the significance of the Antiquities Act of 1906?
What was the significance of the Antiquities Act of 1906?
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Which of the following organizations was one of the first promoters of physical fitness in the late 19th century?
Which of the following organizations was one of the first promoters of physical fitness in the late 19th century?
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What was the primary emphasis for young people seeking respectable and lucrative jobs in the early 20th century?
What was the primary emphasis for young people seeking respectable and lucrative jobs in the early 20th century?
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Why did employers encourage working-class men to play baseball?
Why did employers encourage working-class men to play baseball?
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What percentage of Americans between the ages of 5 and 18 attended school by 1900?
What percentage of Americans between the ages of 5 and 18 attended school by 1900?
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How did the rise of public schools impact the school attendance figures?
How did the rise of public schools impact the school attendance figures?
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What is the significance of the first World Series in 1903?
What is the significance of the first World Series in 1903?
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Which of the following contributed to the increased emphasis on education in the early 20th century?
Which of the following contributed to the increased emphasis on education in the early 20th century?
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What legislation was enacted in 1873 that prohibited the circulation of information about sex and birth control?
What legislation was enacted in 1873 that prohibited the circulation of information about sex and birth control?
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Study Notes
Chapter 18: The Victorians Make the Modern (1880-1917)
- Chapter outline aids in reviewing key topics
-
Commerce and Culture:
- Consumerism distinguished social classes (e.g., working and middle class) through consumption and leisure
- Entrepreneurs like Thomas Edison developed products for consumers (e.g., incandescent light bulb, phonograph)
- Consumer culture appeared democratic as working-class people could access affordable goods and entertainment (e.g., mass-produced goods, moving pictures)
- Consumerism still reflected social class divisions, racial privileges, and gender roles
- Businesses like P.T. Barnum engaged in marketing to attract customers
- Department stores catered to middle-class women (e.g., offering tearooms, day care, wrapping services credit plans) while also employing working class women
- Technology (e.g., washing machines, vacuums, phones) improved life for the middle class and created new jobs for the working class.
- Railroad companies targeted middle class consumers offering amenities and comforts (e.g. Pullman cars)
- Racial segregation existed in railroad cars
-
Masculinity and the Rise of Sports:
- "Muscular Christianity" emphasized physical fitness via sports
- The YMCA was a prominent promoter of physical fitness
- Sports became a platform for middle and working-class men to develop discipline and teamwork
- Sports were marketed to consumers
- Baseball became a popular sport thanks to its popularity in military camps during the Civil War, followed by the development of the National League in 1876
- African Americans formed their own leagues due to segregation
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Women, Men, and the Solitude of Self:
- Average family size declined after the Civil War due to various factors.
- Contraceptives emerged by 1900
- Women played a vital role in social reform movements
- Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) advocated for prohibition and women's rights, becoming a politically active organization.
- The WCTU achieved traction with strong leaders like Frances Willard.
- National American Woman Suffrage Association(NAWSA) was created to fight for women's rights.
-
Science and Faith:
- Darwin's theory of natural selection sparked debates about evolution and faith
- Social Darwinism, associated with William Graham Sumner, promoted competition and the survival of the fittest, which was a controversial concept.
- Eugenics laws were introduced based on the theory that those deemed unfit should be sterilized.
- Realism, a literary movement aiming to depict reality authentically, emerged as a response to the ideas of romanticism.
- Photography and other media challenged prevailing views about art.
- Divergent religious faiths existed due to immigration, leading to both assimilation and preservation
-
Conclusion:
- Industrialization, social change, and scientific advancements impacted society's cultural, economic, political, and religious landscapes
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Description
Explore the pivotal ideas and notable figures of American reform movements in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This quiz covers the American Protective Association, Women's suffrage efforts, and key leaders like Billy Sunday. Test your knowledge on the social changes and challenges faced by these movements.
