Questions and Answers
Who was the President of the Continental Congress and the first to sign the Declaration?
Lord North was the British Prime Minister during the American Revolution.
True
What incident involved the burning of the Gaspée?
Gaspee incident
Which British Prime Minister was known for the strict enforcement of laws and creating the Sugar Act and Stamp Act?
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Who was the founder of the Sons of Liberty?
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Who was the King of England during the American Revolution?
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The first bloodshed of the American Revolution occurred during the ______.
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What term describes the German soldiers who fought for the British?
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What was the primary belief expressed by the phrase 'No taxation without representation'?
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What did the Quebec Act of 1774 do?
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The acts that governed trade between England and its colonies were known as the ______.
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What was the goal of the First Continental Congress in September 1774?
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What act allowed British troops to live in the homes of colonists?
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Which act imposed taxes on goods like glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea?
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What demonstration occurred in 1773 where citizens dumped tea into Boston Harbor?
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Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to Britain during the Revolutionary War.
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What was the significance of the Stamp Act Congress?
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The Second Continental Congress met in 1776 to draft what important document?
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Study Notes
Key Figures
- John Hancock: President of the Continental Congress and first signer of the Declaration of Independence.
- Lord North: British Prime Minister during the American Revolution, known for the Coercive Acts; ruled in favor of the monarchy.
- George Grenville: British Prime Minister advocating for strict law enforcement; introduced the Sugar Act and Stamp Act, resulting in colonist discontent.
- Samuel Adams: Prominent patriot, founder of the Sons of Liberty; played a significant role in advocating for independence and signed the Declaration of Independence.
- John Adams: Lawyer who defended British soldiers in the Boston Massacre trial; later became the second President of the United States.
- King George III: King of England during the American Revolution.
- Baron Von Steuben: Prussian military officer who trained American troops at Valley Forge.
Events and Incidents
- Gaspee Incident: Colonists burned the British naval cutter Gaspée in 1772 to protest the Trade and Navigation Acts.
- Boston Massacre: First significant violence of the American Revolution, where British soldiers killed five colonists during a confrontation.
- Boston Tea Party: 1773 protest where Bostonians disguised as Native Americans dumped tea into Boston Harbor to oppose British taxation.
- Coercive/Intolerable Acts: Law passed to punish Massachusetts; included port closure, reduced self-government, and quartering of troops.
Legislation and Actions
- Mercantilism: Economic policy aimed at maximizing exports and minimizing imports to increase national wealth.
- "No taxation without representation": Colonists’ principle arguing against taxation imposed by a Parliament in which they had no elected representatives.
- Navigation Acts: Regulations enforcing colonial trade to be conducted primarily with England, angering colonists for trade restrictions.
- Stamp Act: 1765 law requiring a tax on all printed materials; sparked widespread protest among colonists.
Organizations and Groups
- Sons and Daughters of Liberty: Grassroots organizations that led protests, boycotts, and other forms of resistance against British rule.
- Committees of Correspondence: Network established by Samuel Adams to foster communication and coordinate resistance among the colonies.
- First Continental Congress: Assemblage of representatives from twelve colonies in 1774 to address grievances against Britain; created The Association for a unified boycott.
Philosophical Influences
- John Locke: Philosopher whose ideas on social contract and natural rights greatly influenced American revolutionary thought.
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Swiss-born French philosopher whose beliefs on human nature influenced revolutionary ideas.
Taxation Concepts
- Internal vs. External Taxation: Internal taxes applied to personal property, while external taxes pertained to imported goods, such as those under the Townshend Acts.
- "Virtual" representation: British claim that Parliament represented all British subjects regardless of their voting rights.
Miscellaneous
- Hessians: German mercenaries hired by Britain to fight in the Revolutionary War.
- Crispus Attucks: First casualty of the Boston Massacre; notable as the first African-American killed in the conflict.
- Royal Veto: British authority to overturn colonial legislation that contradicted their economic interests.
- Stamp Act Congress: Assembly of colonists protesting the Stamp Act, advocating for the principle of consent for taxation.
War and Military
- Second Continental Congress: Convened in 1776 to sign the Declaration of Independence and coordinate the colonial war effort.
- Casmir Pulaski: Polish nobleman known as the "Father of the Cavalry" who died fighting for American independence.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key figures and events from Chapter 7 of 'The American Pageant'. This quiz covers important definitions and historical contexts, including John Hancock, Lord North, and significant incidents like the Gaspee incident. Perfect for students preparing for exams on American history.
