Questions and Answers
What three cities had populations larger than 1 million in 1890?
What were the two largest cities in 1900?
London and New York
By how much did the population of Buenos Aires grow between 1850 and 1900?
It multiplied by more than ten
Who believed in the principle that 'form follows function'?
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What allowed skyscrapers to be usable?
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In which city was the nation's first subway created?
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What was an engineering marvel in New York?
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What department stores were created in New York and Chicago?
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What novel did Theodore Dreiser write?
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Who was the heroine of the novel 'Sister Carrie'?
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What mail-order houses displaced the rural 'general store'?
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What became 'an issue to the new urban age'?
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What were human pigsties known as?
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What city was described as smelling like a billion polecats?
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What led to the rise of slums?
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Where were the majority of New York slums found?
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What were the tenements known as?
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What event destroyed 2/3 of downtown Chicago?
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How many people immigrated to America between 1850 and 1870?
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How many people immigrated in the 1880's?
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What was the record rate of immigration?
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What were immigrants from southern and eastern Europe classified as?
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What groups were among the New Immigrants?
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What claimed more inhabitants than many of the largest cities of the same nationality in the Old World?
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How many Europeans moved to the New World in the nineteenth and early twentieth century?
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What proved highly contagious in Europe?
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What convinced relatives of immigrants to go to America as well?
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What made Jews unique among the New Immigrants?
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What were immigrants who returned to their home country after making a profit known as?
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What pastors preached the 'social gospel'?
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What were they known as?
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Who established the most prominent American settlement house?
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What was the house called?
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What award did Jane Addams eventually win?
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Who told Jane Addams, 'You utter instinctively the truth we others vainly seek?'
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What organization nullified Jane Addams' membership due to her antiwar views?
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What were founded following Addams's lead?
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What was one famous settlement house in New York?
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Who created the Henry Street Settlement?
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What were nativists worried that America was becoming?
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What antiforeign organization discriminated against Roman Catholics?
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What arose in New York harbor in 1886?
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Who was the Statue of Liberty gifted by?
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Who was a pillar of the Baptist Church?
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Study Notes
Urban Growth and Population Dynamics
- In 1890, New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia had populations exceeding 1 million.
- By 1900, London was the largest city, followed by New York.
- Buenos Aires’ population grew over tenfold from 1850 to 1900.
- Between 1850 and 1870, 6 million immigrants entered America; 5 million during the 1880s, peaking at a record of 2,100 per day in 1882.
Skyscrapers and Urban Infrastructure
- Louis Sullivan, known for the phrase "form follows function," was pivotal in skyscraper design.
- Elevators contributed significantly to the usability of skyscrapers.
- Boston was home to the nation’s first subway.
Iconic Structures and Shopping Developments
- The Brooklyn Bridge was an engineering marvel in New York.
- Macy's debuted in New York and Marshall Field's in Chicago as prominent department stores.
Literature and Cultural Reflections
- Theodore Dreiser authored "Sister Carrie," featuring the character Carrie Meeber.
- Rural general stores were replaced by mail-order houses like Sears and Montgomery Ward.
Urban Issues and Conditions
- Waste disposal became a critical urban challenge, with slums referred to as "human pigsties."
- Baltimore was noted for its unpleasant odors, likened to "a billion polecats."
- The advent of the "dumbbell" tenement design facilitated the proliferation of slums.
Tenements and Living Conditions
- New York's slums were primarily located in the area known as "Lung Block," home to "flophouses."
- The Great Chicago Fire devastated 2/3 of downtown Chicago, leaving 90,000 homeless.
Immigration Patterns and Influences
- Southern and eastern European immigrants were categorized as New Immigrants, including Italians, Jews, Croats, Slovaks, Greeks, and Poles.
- Ethnic enclaves like Little Italy and Little Poland mirrored the population of larger cities in Europe.
- About 60 million Europeans emigrated to the New World, with approximately half settling in the United States.
- "American letters" encouraged many to immigrate, reinforcing connections.
Social Movements and Community Advocacy
- Jewish immigrants stood out among New Immigrants for their previous experience in urban European settings.
- "Birds of passage" referred to immigrants who returned to their home countries after earning money.
- Walter Rauschenbusch and Washington Gladden, as "Christian socialists," promoted the "social gospel" emphasizing societal reform based on the Sermon on the Mount.
Settlement Houses and Social Reform
- Jane Addams founded the Hull House, the most notable American settlement house, and received the Nobel Prize for her efforts.
- William James complimented Addams on her insights.
- Addams' anti-war stance led to her expulsion from the Daughters of the American Revolution.
- Following Addams's model, settlement houses emerged, with the Henry Street Settlement established by Lillian Wald.
Nativism and Anti-Foreign Sentiment
- Nativists expressed concerns that America was becoming a "dumping ground" rather than a melting pot.
- The American Protective Association discriminated against Roman Catholics, reflecting widespread antiforeign sentiments.
Symbolism and Recognition
- The Statue of Liberty, gifted by France, was inaugurated in New York harbor in 1886.
- John was recognized as a key figure in the Baptist Church, and another individual was noted for his influence in the Episcopal Church.
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Description
Test your knowledge of American history with this quiz based on Chapter 25 of the American Pageant textbook. This quiz covers key population statistics and city growth in the late 19th century, focusing on major urban centers. Challenge yourself and see how much you remember about this pivotal time in American history!
