American History: Slavery & Abolitionism

Moderate abolitionists advocated for a gradual transition out of slavery, while Radical abolitionists, like Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison, pushed for immediate abolition.

<p>John Brown, a fervent abolitionist, attempted to start a slave rebellion by raiding the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia. He was captured and later hanged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Compromise of 1850 addressed the status of slavery in the territories acquired after the Mexican-American War.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>While the abolitionist movement had widespread support in the North, a significant percentage of the Northern population held opposing views about slavery. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A network of secret routes and safe houses used by escaping slaves to reach freedom in the North or Canada.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Missouri Compromise of 1820 aimed to balance the political power between slave and free states. It admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, while also prohibiting slavery in the Louisiana Purchase territories north of the 36°30' parallel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was the belief that the United States was destined by God to expand its territory across the entire North American continent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In 1844, James K. Polk won the presidential election with a campaign centered around annexing Texas, which reignited negotiations with Mexico to claim the territory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were a group of Southerners who advocated for secession from the Union, particularly in the face of Northern opposition to slavery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Free Soilers were individuals opposed to the expansion of slavery into the Western territories, arguing for the principle of popular sovereignty to decide the issue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These were pro-slavery groups who migrated from Missouri into Kansas, aiming to tip the balance in favor of slavery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Quakers were among the earliest groups to oppose slavery. They were pacifists who believed in peace and social justice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Southerners reacted violently and condemned it, justifying slavery as a necessary evil or even a positive good. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slave auctions were common, often leading to the separation of families, as depicted in the novel 'Uncle Tom's Cabin.' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oregon was a prime target for westward expansion due to its fertile farmland, leading to a surge of settlers. The Oregon Trail was a major route for westward migration, and the Oregon Treaty resolved boundary disputes with Britain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Northern Whigs generally opposed Southern expansion and feared the extension of slavery into new territories. Southern Democrats often opposed Northern expansion, fearing a loss of power and influence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mexico was determined to retain control of California, while the U.S. sought to acquire it. Texas also generated a boundary dispute with Mexico. President Polk's decision to send troops into disputed territory ultimately ignited the Mexican-American War. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed popular sovereignty to decide the issue of slavery in the territories, essentially repealing the Missouri Compromise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above were arguments made in favor of slavery. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bleeding Kansas was a period of violence and conflict in Kansas between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces, culminating in a mini-civil war. John Brown, a radical abolitionist, led a group of his sons in an attack on pro-slavery forces at Pottawatomie Creek, resulting in the deaths of his sons and later Brown himself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Senator Charles Sumner from Massachusetts delivered a scathing speech criticizing pro-slavery senators, particularly Preston Brooks from South Carolina. Enraged by the insult, Brooks beat Sumner on the Senate floor with a cane until he was near death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dred Scott, a slave who had been taken by his master to Illinois, a free state, sued for his freedom. The Supreme Court ruled against Scott, declaring that slaves were property and could not sue in federal court.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate, won the election, triggering the secession of seven Southern states. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Stono Rebellion (1739), Denmark Vesey's Conspiracy (1822), and Nat Turner's Rebellion (1831).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Republican Party was officially formed in 1854 as a direct response to the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which allowed for popular sovereignty to decide the fate of slavery in new territories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>William Lloyd Garrison was a prominent and radical abolitionist who was a key figure in the movement. He published 'The Liberator,' a powerful anti-slavery newspaper, and advocated for immediate, uncompensated emancipation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stephen Douglas was a senator from Illinois who played a crucial role in the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, proposing the use of popular sovereignty to determine the status of slavery in new territories. His goal was to facilitate the construction of a transcontinental railroad route through the country, but the act had profound consequences in deepening the divide between North and South.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was a proposed constitutional amendment to protect slavery in existing states and extend the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific Ocean.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Black Codes were laws passed by Southern states in the aftermath of the Civil War to restrict the rights and freedoms of African Americans, even after emancipation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was a proposed amendment to the Constitution that would permanently protect slavery and prevent any future efforts to abolish it. It was ultimately rejected by the South.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These were laws passed by Northern states to protect fugitive slaves and challenge the Fugitive Slave Law, which required the return of escaped slaves to their owners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It required Northern states to forcibly return escaped slaves to their owners, even if they had fled to free states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Know-Nothing party was a nativist political party that arose in the 1850s, focused on opposing immigration, particularly from Catholic countries. It was one of the largest nativist movements in the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was a slogan that referred to the boundary dispute between the United States and Great Britain over the Oregon Territory, advocating for the expansion of U.S. territory to the 54°40' parallel, which would have included the entire Oregon territory, or war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>John Quincy Adams, the sixth President of the United States, was a prominent voice in Congress against slavery. He led the fight against the expansion of slavery and played a role in shaping the debate over slavery during his time in Congress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The novel 'Uncle Tom's Cabin' by Harriet Beecher Stowe brought the plight of slave families being separated at auctions to a wider audience, highlighting the brutality and inhumanity of the slave system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Society structured on slave ownership; agriculture economy; religion (mainly Christianity) important.

Moderates favor gradual change, radicals want immediate end to slavery.

Resulted in secession of 7 southern states and formation of the Confederate States.

John Brown's failed raid to spark a slave revolt by storming a federal arsenal in Virginia.

Settled the status of slavery in territories acquired from Mexico after war.

Allowing residents of territories to vote on slavery.

Only 25% of the North supported abolition; many were indifferent to slavery.

Secret routes for escaping slaves seeking freedom in the North or Canada.

1820 agreement balancing slave and free states regarding new territories.

Belief that U.S. would expand across the whole continent as a divine right.

Polk's election led to U.S. claiming Texas from Mexico, renewing negotiations.

Southern leaders who strongly advocated for secession from the Union.

People opposing slavery's expansion into Western territories, supporting Popular Sovereignty.

Pro-slavery activists migrating to Kansas from Missouri to promote slavery.

Early opponents of slavery, promoting peace and anti-war activism.

Most southerners reacted violently; viewed slavery as positive.

Slave families often separated at auctions; literacy forbidden for slaves.

A migration route for people seeking fertile land in Oregon as part of Manifest Destiny.

Northern Whigs opposed Southern expansion; Southern Democrats resisted Northern.

Desire for California, boundary disputes over Texas, and troop deployment led to war.

Allowed territories to decide slavery matter, repealing the Missouri Compromise.

Claims slavery was historically accepted and better than wage labor.

Violent conflicts in Kansas between pro and anti-slavery factions, led by John Brown.

Sumner attacked over insults, nearly beaten to death by Brooks from South Carolina.

The ruling that slaves are property and cannot sue for freedom.

Lincoln's victory triggered the secession of southern states and split Democrats.

Historically significant uprisings: Stono Rebellion, Denmark Vesey, Nat Turner.

Created in response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act aiming to oppose slavery's expansion.

Radical abolitionist who called for immediate emancipation through 'The Liberator.'

Senator advocating for a railroad and popular sovereignty to decide slavery.

Proposal to revert to Missouri Compromise, rejected by Lincoln.

Laws limiting the rights of free blacks in the South after the Civil War.

Proposed amendment ensuring slavery could never be banned; rejected by the South.

Laws enabling vigilance committees to protect fugitive slaves and resist Fugitive Slave Law.

Required Northern states to return escaped slaves to their owners.

Anti-immigration political party formed in the 1850s, also nativist.

Slogan threatening Britain over Oregon territory claims.

Congressional voice opposing slavery, advocating for abolition.

Novel depicting the harsh realities of slavery, focusing on family separation.