American History: Paine and Slavery

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Questions and Answers

What did Thomas Paine argue would happen if the colonists remained in the British Empire?

They would gain more representation in governance.

They would benefit from Britain's military support.

They would experience increased prosperity and security.

They would be subjected to tyranny and conflict. (correct)

What opportunity did Paine state would arise from separating from Britain?

An opportunity to align with European powers.

The chance to conquer British territories.

The ability to maintain the status quo of the British Empire.

The possibility to create a new political system based on democratic ideals. (correct)

How did Paine describe the disadvantages of remaining in the British Empire?

Being involved in Britain's wars and conflicts. (correct)

Dependence on British goods.

A loss of cultural identity.

Limited economic opportunities.

What role did Paine's pamphlet 'Common Sense' play in American history?

It inspired the colonists to seek independence and laid groundwork for revolution. Signup and view all the answers

What did the 1830 census reveal about the status of slavery in the North?

3,500 slaves were still present in the North. Signup and view all the answers

What prevented slavery from quickly ending in the North after the American Revolution?

Legal loopholes that protected slave ownership. Signup and view all the answers

What significant action did Robert Carter III take regarding his slaves?

He provided for their gradual emancipation. Signup and view all the answers

In what year did the last slaves in Connecticut gain freedom?

1848 Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Contract Clause of the United States Constitution as determined by the Supreme Court under John Marshall?

States cannot pass laws that invalidate contracts. Signup and view all the answers

What was one reason the United States was angered by Britain during the early 1800s?

Impressment of American sailors. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best captures Tecumseh's beliefs about Native American identity?

Native Americans should unite as a single people. Signup and view all the answers

What caused the Federalists in New England to oppose the War of 1812?

The war disrupted their maritime trade. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the outcomes of the Battle of Tippecanoe?

Increased American settlement in the Midwest. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Hartford Convention organized by the Federalists?

To strategize against the Democratic-Republican Party. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of Tecumseh's ideology did he strongly oppose?

Selling land to the federal government. Signup and view all the answers

What outcome did the Battle of New Orleans have for American nationalism?

It decreased support for the Federalists. Signup and view all the answers

What was one misconception held by Americans regarding Britain's involvement with Tecumseh?

The British actively supported Tecumseh. Signup and view all the answers

What was a direct consequence of American victory in the War of 1812?

Greater territorial expansion east of the Mississippi River. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Federalists' view of the War of 1812?

They viewed it as a scheme by the Democratic-Republicans. Signup and view all the answers

Which key battle is associated with Tecumseh and marked a significant defeat for Native American resistance?

Battle of Thames. Signup and view all the answers

How did early 19th-century Native American leaders like Tenskwatawa view the impact of white settlers?

They considered white settlers a source of evil. Signup and view all the answers

The Federalists' struggle for power after the War of 1812 was largely diminished due to what?

The outcome of the Hartford Convention. Signup and view all the answers

What was established by the ruling in Marbury v. Madison?

The Supreme Court has the power to declare federal laws unconstitutional. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Slave Code of 1705?

It established slaves as property without rights. Signup and view all the answers

What determined the length of service for an indentured servant brought to the country?

The age at which they were brought. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Supreme Court rule in Fletcher v. Peck?

State contracts could not be set aside. Signup and view all the answers

Which clause of the Constitution was the basis for Chief Justice Marshall’s ruling in Marbury v. Madison?

Supremacy Clause. Signup and view all the answers

Which political belief did President Thomas Jefferson represent?

Democratic-Republicanism. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of individuals were denied the right to own arms under the Slave Code?

All enslaved individuals and free blacks. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Judiciary Act of 1789's stipulation regarding Marbury's commission?

The Supreme Court found it unconstitutional. Signup and view all the answers

In which year was the Slave Code enacted by the House of Burgesses?

<ol start="1705"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What was the legal status of servants who were not Christians in their home country under the Slave Code?

They were treated as slaves regardless of their faith. Signup and view all the answers

What action did Jefferson take against the appointments made by Adams?

He ordered the commissions not to be delivered. Signup and view all the answers

Why did Fletcher v. Peck lead to an expansion of judicial review?

It involved contracts and state laws. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main provisions of the Slave Code concerning interactions with white individuals?

Black individuals could not strike white individuals. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Supreme Court's decision in Marbury v. Madison affect the relationship between federal and state powers?

It established federal supremacy over state laws. Signup and view all the answers

Who led the opposition against Hamilton's financial plan?

James Madison Signup and view all the answers

What argument did Madison use against Hamilton's plan?

It would reward speculators unjustly. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason white Americans wanted Native American land during the 19th century?

Good soil for cotton cultivation Signup and view all the answers

What was a key concern for southern states regarding Hamilton's financial plan?

They had already paid off their debts. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Supreme Court's ruling in Worcester v. Georgia regarding the Cherokee?

Cherokees were recognized as a sovereign nation Signup and view all the answers

How did Hamilton argue that repaying debts was beneficial?

It would help establish trust with investors. Signup and view all the answers

What event is referred to as the Trail of Tears?

The journey of Cherokees to Oklahoma under duress Signup and view all the answers

What type of tariff did Hamilton propose?

Protective tariff on imports Signup and view all the answers

Why did the South oppose the Tariff of 1828?

It raised prices of manufactured goods Signup and view all the answers

What was one major consequence of Britain reducing its imports due to the Tariff of 1828?

Decreased exports of cotton from the South Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the tariff debate?

A low tariff was approved. Signup and view all the answers

What was the reaction of farmers to the excise tax on whiskey?

They felt it infringed on their liberty. Signup and view all the answers

What theory did John C. Calhoun develop in response to the Tariff of 1832?

Nullification Theory Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Revolution of 1800' refer to?

A shift in power from Federalists to Democratic-Republicans. Signup and view all the answers

What action did South Carolina take against the Tariff of 1832?

Nullified it within the state Signup and view all the answers

What did President Andrew Jackson do in response to South Carolina's nullification of the Tariff of 1832?

Sent army and navy to enforce the tax Signup and view all the answers

Why did Jefferson prefer an agrarian nation?

Farmers would vote impartially and independently. Signup and view all the answers

Why was New Orleans significant to Jefferson's vision?

It was a vital trade port for agricultural products. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the Nullification Crisis?

A new tariff was established that lowered rates Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary economic challenge for the South during the early 19th century?

Dependence on foreign manufactured goods Signup and view all the answers

What offer did Napoleon make to Jefferson that influenced his decision?

The Louisiana Territory for $15 million. Signup and view all the answers

What was Hamilton's response to concerns about speculators profiting from the repayment of bonds?

Trustworthiness with investors would be threatened. Signup and view all the answers

What impact did Hamilton's financial plan have on the national debt?

It was repaid in full. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main economic structure Jefferson envisioned for the United States?

An agrarian-based economy. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for including the Bill of Rights in the United States Constitution?

To appease Anti-Federalists Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following protections is NOT guaranteed by the First Amendment?

Right to bear arms Signup and view all the answers

What was a defining feature of the Articles of Confederation?

A unicameral legislature with one vote per state Signup and view all the answers

How did the Federalists view the purpose of the Electoral College?

To prevent a 'tyranny of the majority' Signup and view all the answers

What sparked the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794?

An excise tax on whiskey Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the weakness of the federal government under the Articles of Confederation?

It lacked the power to levy taxes Signup and view all the answers

How did Shays' Rebellion illustrate a major flaw in the Articles of Confederation?

It highlighted the inability of states to control local unrest Signup and view all the answers

What significant action did George Washington take in response to the Whiskey Rebellion?

Sent a militia to suppress the rebellion Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Jefferson assert in the Kentucky Resolution?

States' rights to nullify federal laws Signup and view all the answers

What outcome resulted from the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?

It required a population of 60,000 for statehood Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Electoral College?

To choose the President of the United States Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the primary causes of Shays' Rebellion?

The inability of the government to provide veterans' compensation Signup and view all the answers

In which case did the Supreme Court assert its power to overrule state courts on federal matters?

Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee Signup and view all the answers

What was Alexander Hamilton's approach to managing national debt after the American Revolution?

Issuing new bonds to pay off old debts Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant effect of the Whiskey Rebellion on the U.S. government?

It demonstrated the functioning Constitution Signup and view all the answers

Which group primarily approved the Articles of Confederation?

Wealthy merchants and landowners Signup and view all the answers

Who primarily opposed the strong central government proposed by the Constitution?

Anti-Federalists Signup and view all the answers

What did the Articles of Confederation establish regarding state governance?

States could collect taxes and raise military forces Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the failure to establish a strong federal military during Shays' Rebellion?

The revolt continued longer than necessary Signup and view all the answers

According to the First Amendment, which of the following actions can Congress NOT take?

Interfere with religious practices Signup and view all the answers

What significant problem did the founding fathers attempt to avoid by implementing the Electoral College?

A simple majority deciding elections Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the relationship between the Americans and British on the Articles of Confederation?

It fostered a fear of tyranny from a strong centralized authority Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the Articles of Confederation's requirements for changing its provisions?

It required a unanimous vote of all 13 states Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for introducing excise taxes, as proposed by Hamilton?

To raise revenue after lower tariffs Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary rule instituted by the Northwest Ordinance regarding slavery?

Slavery was prohibited in the Northwest Territory Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main achievements of the Articles of Confederation?

Establishing guidelines for westward expansion Signup and view all the answers

Why was the Massachusetts government slow to respond to Shays' Rebellion?

Governor Bowdoin did not call for military support in time Signup and view all the answers

What was the ultimate significance of the case Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee?

It empowered the Supreme Court to review and reverse decisions of lower courts. Signup and view all the answers

Which clause of the United States Constitution served as the basis for the ruling in Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee?

The Supremacy Clause Signup and view all the answers

What did the Virginia Court of Appeals rule regarding the Virginia law in Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee?

It deemed the law legal and ruled in Hunter's favor. Signup and view all the answers

What compromise was reached at the Constitutional Convention regarding representation?

A bicameral legislature was established with varying representation. Signup and view all the answers

What was the key point of disagreement between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan?

The number of representatives each state would have. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Three-Fifths Compromise resolve?

How enslaved individuals were counted for representation. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793?

To return runaway slaves to their owners and penalize those who helped them. Signup and view all the answers

How does the system of checks and balances function?

It allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the others. Signup and view all the answers

Which action can Congress take to check the power of the President?

Impeach the President. Signup and view all the answers

What power does the Supreme Court have as a check on the legislature?

It can declare laws unconstitutional. Signup and view all the answers

What was a major fear of those opposing a strong central government during the Constitutional Convention?

It could lead to the establishment of a monarchy. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the gradual emancipation laws enacted in Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey?

To provide freedom to future children born to enslaved mothers after a period of servitude Signup and view all the answers

How was the number of Representatives determined for the House according to the Compromise?

Proportional to the state’s population. Signup and view all the answers

Under New Jersey's 1804 gradual emancipation law, at what age would a female child born to a slave mother obtain her freedom?

21 years old Signup and view all the answers

What notable fact about Anthony Johnson highlights the complexities of race and ownership in the early 1600s?

He owned slaves despite starting as an indentured servant Signup and view all the answers

What was necessary for Congress to pass the Fugitive Slave Act?

Compliance with the Constitution. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary impact of Virginia's 1662 law on slavery?

It established the principle of hereditary slavery through the status of the mother Signup and view all the answers

What element of governance allows the President to reject legislation passed by Congress?

Veto Power Signup and view all the answers

What did the Virginia Slave Code of 1705 stipulate regarding physical violence?

It imposed harsher penalties for blacks who attacked whites Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant effect of the gradual emancipation laws on the institution of slavery in the Northern states?

They created a new form of indentured servitude for African Americans Signup and view all the answers

How did the status of free Blacks in the early 1600s compare to later periods of American history?

Free Blacks could own land and sue in court before their rights were restricted Signup and view all the answers

What misconception about the transition from servitude to slavery in the early 1600s does this content correct?

It highlights that the first slaves arrived as part of a pirate raid, rather than a direct trade Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Virginia law of 1667 state that religious conversion did not release a slave from bondage?

To protect the economic interests of slave owners who were Christians Signup and view all the answers

In what way did the concept of racial distinctions evolve in Virginia and Maryland in the early colonial period?

Initially, race was not a significant factor in social hierarchy Signup and view all the answers

What did the first national census in 1790 reveal about the status of slavery in New York?

There were still 21,000 slaves recorded, indicating a significant enslaved population Signup and view all the answers

How did the gradual emancipation laws impact the nature of slavery following the American Revolution?

They allowed slave owners to keep their current slaves while freeing future generations Signup and view all the answers

What misconception might arise from the gradual emancipation laws as they relate to property rights?

They reflect a balance between the ideals of freedom from the Revolution and property rights of slave owners Signup and view all the answers

What was Robert Carter III's contribution to the concept of gradual emancipation?

He provided for the gradual emancipation of over 400 slaves he owned Signup and view all the answers

What led to difficulties for western farmers in transporting their crops?

The revocation of the right of deposit in New Orleans Signup and view all the answers

Why did Jefferson feel the need to purchase New Orleans?

To support farmers who relied on the port for shipping Signup and view all the answers

What dilemma did Jefferson face regarding the purchase of New Orleans?

The Constitution did not explicitly allow for land purchases from foreign nations. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Great Spirit convey to Native Americans through Neolin?

They should remember their own culture and unite. Signup and view all the answers

How did Tecumseh's and Tenskwatawa's messages align with Neolin's teachings?

They all promoted the abandonment of European ways. Signup and view all the answers

Before the Market Revolution, what was the primary focus of farmers?

Producing goods for local markets and family needs Signup and view all the answers

What was a defining feature of the Market Revolution?

The establishment of national and international markets Signup and view all the answers

How did steamboats and canals aid the Market Revolution?

They allowed for cheaper and faster transport of goods. Signup and view all the answers

What was Tecumseh's position on the relationship between Native American tribes?

He advocated for unity among tribes to resist oppression. Signup and view all the answers

What action did Pontiac recommend in his speech to reclaim land?

Revolting against the white settlers Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Erie Canal in the Market Revolution?

It enabled faster transport to the East Coast. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the construction of canals on farmers in Ohio?

It allowed them to transport goods more quickly and cheaply. Signup and view all the answers

In response to oppression, what alternative did Tecumseh suggest to tribes?

Resist through armed conflict. Signup and view all the answers

What was the relationship between the rise of factories and artisans during the Market Revolution?

Factories replaced artisans as the main producers of goods. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant motivation for women in the Abolitionist Movement to advocate against sexism?

Discrimination experienced in the movement Signup and view all the answers

What inalienable rights were women seeking at the Seneca Falls Convention?

Right to vote and own property Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Universal White Male Suffrage' refer to?

Voting rights extended to all white men regardless of class or religion Signup and view all the answers

How did Andrew Jackson primarily appeal to the common man during his political campaigns?

By showcasing his humble beginnings and hard work Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Maysville Road Bill (1831)?

It aimed to improve transportation within Kentucky Signup and view all the answers

What was Andrew Jackson's primary reason for vetoing the Maysville Road Bill?

Federal control of state projects is unconstitutional Signup and view all the answers

Which political belief did Jackson promote when opposing the Bank of the United States?

Wealth concentration leads to corruption in government Signup and view all the answers

What does the cartoon titled 'King Andrew I' depict about Jackson's presidency?

His use of the veto power as excessive Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of Andrew Jackson's support for the Indian Removal Act of 1830?

It enforced the relocation of Native Americans to western territories Signup and view all the answers

What was a societal consequence of 'Universal White Male Suffrage' during Jackson's presidency?

Greater representation of the lower classes in government Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best reflects the rationale behind the Declaration of Sentiments?

All men and women are created equal with inalienable rights Signup and view all the answers

What action did the political cartoon illustrate regarding Jackson's administration?

His use of veto power to silence opposition Signup and view all the answers

What was a major effect of Andrew Jackson's presidency on the political landscape of America?

Expansion of participation among the common people Signup and view all the answers

How long did it take to ship products from Cincinnati to New York City before the Transportation Revolution?

Seven weeks Signup and view all the answers

What was a major reason for the slow shipping of products before the introduction of steamboats?

Slow sailing speeds of flatboats Signup and view all the answers

Which invention enabled farmers to prepare more soil for planting in the early 1800s?

John Deere's steel plow Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the combination of John Deere’s steel plow and Cyrus McCormick’s mechanical reaper have on wheat production between 1840 and 1860?

Tripled wheat output Signup and view all the answers

Why did cotton replace tobacco as the primary crop in the South in the 19th century?

Increased demand for cotton in textile factories Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant effect on Black slaves due to the cotton production increase from 1800 to 1860?

Forced migration to the Deep South Signup and view all the answers

What triggered the Second Great Awakening in the early 1800s?

Concerns over declining church participation Signup and view all the answers

What was a prominent focus of sermons during the Second Great Awakening?

Moral free agency Signup and view all the answers

Which abolitionist called for immediate abolition of slavery and used moral suasion?

William Lloyd Garrison Signup and view all the answers

What approach did the American Colonization Society take towards slavery?

Gradual emancipation and establishing a colony in Liberia Signup and view all the answers

What method did the Colored Females’ Free Produce Society use to combat slavery?

Providing goods produced without slave labor Signup and view all the answers

What did David Walker advocate for in his appeal?

Violent revolt against slavery Signup and view all the answers

Which prominent women were involved in both the Abolitionist Movement and the Women’s Liberation Movement?

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Founding Fathers' Reasons for Separation

Thomas Paine argued that remaining in the British Empire would lead to conflict and harm the colonists.
Paine believed separation would allow the colonists to create a better government rooted in democratic ideals.
Paine stated colonists could establish a new, just political order through separation.

Effects of the American Revolution on Slavery

The 1830 census revealed 3,500 slaves remained in the North.
The last slaves in Connecticut gained freedom in 1848.
In 1860, 18 elderly slaves remained in New Jersey.
Voluntary manumission, freeing slaves by their choice, happened in the 1780s, largely in Virginia and Maryland, due to the Revolution.
Robert Carter III, a wealthy Virginian, provided for the gradual emancipation of over 400 slaves in 1796.
Gradual emancipation laws (Pennsylvania 1780, New York 1799, New Jersey 1804) demonstrated legislatures balancing revolutionary ideals with property rights.
These laws were gradual, freeing children born to enslaved mothers after certain dates.

Anthony Johnson and Early American Slavery

Primary source reveals some Black people owned slaves and indentured servants.
Anthony Johnson, a formerly enslaved person, was able to gain wealth and freedom during the early 1600s in Virginia.
Slaves' freedom after a certain time was not uncommon in the 1600s.

Privileges of Free Blacks in Early Colonial America

Free Black people in Virginia and Maryland could own land, sue, and participate in some colonial social aspects.
These rights were limited and changed as racial distinctions were established.
Free Black people could own white indentured servants.

Virginia's 1662 and 1667 Laws Regarding Slavery

The 1662 Virginia law established hereditary slavery, meaning children of enslaved mothers were also enslaved.
The law based the status of children on the mother's position (partus sequitur ventrem).
The law also supported slaveowners' gain of property by having children from the abuse of slaves.
The 1667 Virginia law declared religious conversion wouldn't free slaves.
The laws aimed to limit the free Black population and solidified racial hierarchies.

Virginia's 1705 Slave Code

The 1705 slave code codified the status of slaves as property.
The code restricted the rights of Black people (free and enslaved), especially involving violence against white people and gun ownership.
The code also addressed the status of white indentured servants.

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Marbury v. Madison arose due to President Adams's late appointments of Federalist judges and Jefferson's refusal to deliver their commissions.
Marbury sued for his commission, citing a clause in the Judiciary Act of 1789.
Chief Justice Marshall ruled that part of the Judiciary Act was unconstitutional because the Constitution did not grant the Supreme Court that power.
Marbury v. Madison established judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to review congressional laws and executive orders for constitutionality.

Fletcher v. Peck (1810)

In this case, bribery among Georgia state lawmakers, senators, and judges to secure land grants in Alabama and Mississippi led to the cancellation of these lands.
The Supreme Court ruled the previously approved land grants as legal contracts and declared a state law unconstitutional.
The case extended judicial review to state laws.

Causes of the War of 1812

Violation of international neutrality laws, especially by Britain, led to trade disputes.
British impressment of American sailors further angered Americans.
British support of Tecumseh's resistance efforts against American settlement.
The Battle of Tippecanoe and the suspicion of British involvement in it heightened tensions.

Federalist Opposition to the War of 1812

Federalists, especially in New England, opposed the war of 1812 because they viewed it as a Democratic-Republican scheme to acquire Canada and Florida and increase its political power.
Maritime trade disruptions hurt Federalist financial interests.

Effects of the War of 1812

Federalist Party declined.
American patriotism increased after the Battle of New Orleans.
Americans gained control of land east of the Mississippi River.
Key battles include Tippecanoe, Thames, and Horseshoe Bend.

The Articles of Confederation

This document established a weak central government to prevent tyranny.
A unicameral legislature with each state's equal vote.
States had more power than the federal government, especially in taxation and military matters.
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 stands out as a significant accomplishment.

Shay's Rebellion

Causes included states' inadequacies in handling post-Revolution debts.
Massachusetts's tax policies particularly burdened farmers.
Shays' Rebellion highlighted the weakness of the Articles of Confederation in responding to internal conflicts.

Martin v. Hunter's Lessee (1816)

A Virginia law confiscating loyalist land conflicted with the Treaty of Paris.
The Virginia court sided with the land seizures.
The Supreme Court reversed the Virginia court’s decision and asserted its power to review state court rulings involving federal law.

Constitutional Convention (1787)

Delegates faced disagreements over representation in the new government.
The Virginia Plan supported proportional representation based on state population while the New Jersey Plan favored equal representation for each state.
The Great Compromise created a bicameral legislature with a House of Representatives and a Senate.

3/5ths Compromise

This compromise addressed the issue of counting enslaved persons for representation in the House of Representatives.
It determined that three-fifths of enslaved persons would be counted for representation purposes.

Fugitive Slave Law of 1793

This law enabled local authorities to capture and return runaway slaves to their owners.
The law reflected the Constitution's complex approach to slavery.

Separation of Powers/Checks and Balances

Separation of Powers: Dividing government power among three branches (legislative, executive, judicial).
Checks and Balances: Allowing each branch to limit the power of the other two.

Bill of Rights

Included in the Constitution to appease anti-Federalists concerned about a powerful central government.
Protects fundamental rights and liberties from government infringement.
The First Amendment addresses issues of religious freedom.

Kentucky Resolution

The Kentucky Resolution noted the limits placed on the federal government.
The resolution expressed the idea that states could address unconstitutional laws by states.

First Political Parties

Federalists and Democratic-Republicans emerged with differing views on the Constitution and economic policy.

Electoral College

The Electoral College comprises electors from each state who formally choose the President and Vice President.

Whiskey Rebellion

Farmers in western Pennsylvania rebelled against an excise tax on whiskey.
Washington's response with a militia demonstrated the new federal government's authority.

Alexander Hamilton's Financial Plan

Hamilton proposed paying federal and state debts by purchasing existing bonds and issuing new ones.
This aimed to build national credibility and attract investment.

Opposition to Hamilton's Financial Plan

Madison and southerners opposed Hamilton's plan because they felt it would unfairly benefit speculators.
A compromise was reached to ensure full repayment of the national debt.

Hamilton's Tariffs

Hamilton urged for tariffs to protect American industries. However, the tariff passed was less comprehensive.
Southern resistance centered on increased prices for imported goods and limited their ability to trade with Britain.

Revolution of 1800

A peaceful transfer of power from Federalists to Democratic-Republicans.

Jefferson's Agrarian Vision

Jefferson believed a nation of farmers fostered independence and a well-functioning republic, in contrast to the potential for dependence in a market-driven economy.

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million.
This significantly expanded the US and was critical to implementing his agrarian vision.

Dilemma of the Louisiana Purchase

Jefferson faced a constitutional dilemma as purchasing land wasn't explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.

Native American Continuity/Neolin and Tecumseh

Neolin and Pontiac sought a pan-Indian alliance to preserve Native American culture and lands.
Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa attempted similar aims. but with a different approach.

Market Revolution (1800-1850)

The Market Revolution saw the shift from artisan manufacturing and subsistence farming to factory production and commercial agriculture.

Transportation Revolution and the Market

Canals, steamboats, and other transportation innovations linked producers and consumers nationally and internationally, furthering the Market Revolution.

Impact of Erie Canal and Steamboats on Transportation

Steamboats and canals like the Erie Canal reduced transportation costs and time for farmers in Ohio and other western regions to get their products to eastern markets like New York City.

Inventions and the Market Revolution

Innovations like Deere's steel plow and McCormick's reaper increased agricultural output.
Spinning jenny, power loom, and the factory system fostered textile production.
Whitney's cotton gin dramatically increased cotton production, encouraging its role in the South's economy.

Cotton's Replacement of Tobacco

Cotton became the South's primary crop due to high demand in textile markets, fueled by new technologies during the Market Revolution.

Impact of Cotton on Black Slavery

The rise of cotton cultivation led to increased demand for enslaved labor, driving the domestic slave trade, and forcibly moving enslaved people from the upper South to the Deep South.

Second Great Awakening (1800-1830)

The Market Revolution and fears about greed prompted the Second Great Awakening.
Religious leaders emphasized moral responsibility and social reform.

Abolitionist Movement

Abolitionist groups differed on approaches: immediate versus gradual emancipation, colonization versus integration.
Some abolitionists utilized moral suasion, while others advocated for violence or boycotts.

Connection Between Abolitionism and Women's Reform

Women's involvement in the Abolitionist Movement highlighted issues of discrimination.
This experience fueled the women's rights movement, leading to efforts for women's suffrage, property rights, and equal opportunities.

Declaration of Sentiments (1848)

The Declaration of Sentiments drew inspiration from the Declaration of Independence, asserting equal rights for all, irrespective of gender.

1824-1840 Period

Expansion of voting rights for white men.
This allowed all white men, regardless of their economic or social background, to vote and participate in politics.

Impact of Universal White Male Suffrage on Andrew Jackson

Jackson's appeal to common white men contributed significantly to his presidency in 1828 and 1832. The expanded vote helped lead to this.

King Andrew I political cartoon

The cartoon criticizes Jackson's use of presidential power, particularly his vetoes of bank rechartering and internal improvement bills.

Maysville Road Bill (1831)

Congress proposed federal funding for a road in Kentucky; part of the broader "internal improvements" movement.

Jackson's Opposition to the Maysville Road Bill

Jackson vetoed the bill due to constitutional objections (lack of federal authority).

Jackson's Actions: Supporting and Contradicting his Image as a Protector of the Common Man

Jackson's veto of the Bank of the United States was presented as a defense against wealthy elites' undue influence.
Vetoing of the Maysville Road Bill contradicted his support for "internal improvements" – in the view of his opponents.

Jackson's Relationship with Native Americans

Jackson supported federal and state policies to remove Native Americans from their lands.
The Indian Removal Act of 1830 facilitated the Trail of Tears.

The Trail of Tears

The forced relocation of Native Americans particularly the Cherokee to lands west of the Mississippi River resulted in significant hardship and loss of life.

South Carolina and the Nullification Crisis (1832-1833)

South Carolina nullified the Tariff of 1832.
John C. Calhoun's Nullification Theory justified this action.
The crisis prompted a response from Jackson (Force Bill) and was ultimately resolved with a lower tariff.

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Description

Explore key questions regarding Thomas Paine's arguments in 'Common Sense' and the evolution of slavery in the Northern states post-Revolution. Discover the implications of Paine's ideas on independence and the slow abolition of slavery in the North. This quiz delves into important historical events and their significance.