Questions and Answers
HARRIET TUBMAN is known as the ______ of her people for providing care and safety to slaves.
Moses
SOJOURNER TRUTH was an advocate for women’s rights and served as an agent for the ______ railway.
Underground
CLARA BARTON founded the American ______.
Red Cross
ISABEL HAMPTON ROBB organized the John Hopkins Hospital & School of ______.
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LILIAN D. WALD is recognized as the founder of Public Health ______.
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MARY ADELAIDE NUTTING was instrumental in reducing nursing student hours from 12 to ______.
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LAVINIA DOCK was a nursing leader and ______, actively fighting for women’s rights.
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MARGARET HIGGINS SANGER is known as the founder of Planned ______.
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Linda Richards is cited as America’s 1st trained ______, graduating in 1872.
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Harriet Newton Phillips is believed to be the 1st trained nurse to receive a certificate from the Women's Hospital of ______ in 1864.
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Mary Mahoney was the 1st trained black nurse, graduating from the New England Hospital for Women and ______.
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The Nightingale’s Pledge was written in 1893 and administered to the graduating class of Farrand (Nurse) training school in ______.
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Dr. William Halstead designed the first rubber ______ to improve surgical practices.
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Clara Louise Maas engaged in medical research on yellow fever during the ______-American War.
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Mary Breckinridge established the Frontier ______ Service to provide care and education in rural areas.
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By the 1920s, a Post Basic course was being offered at Teacher’s College in Columbia University to prepare nurses to be ______.
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Louise de Gras was the first superior and co-founder of the Order of the Sisters of ______.
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Protestantism arose as a defense against an edict of the Diet of Spires in ______.
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The Dark Period of Nursing spans from the 17th century to the ______ century.
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Martin Luther was the leader of the Protestant ______ in Germany.
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Sairey Gamp is a character that personified women in ______'s novels.
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John Howard was a prison reformer who improved living conditions in ______.
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Mother Mary Aikenhead established the Irish Sisters of ______.
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The work of nursing became associated with the least desirable ______.
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Study Notes
Key Figures in Nursing and Social Reform
- Harriet Tubman (1820-1913): Known as "Moses of her people"; guided enslaved individuals to freedom via the Underground Railroad.
- Sojourner Truth (1797-1883): Abolitionist, Underground Railroad agent, preacher, and advocate for women's rights.
- Dorothea Lynde Dix: Became Superintendent of Female Nurses for the Union Army in 1861; instrumental in reforming mental health care.
- Jean Henri Dunant (1864): Organized the International Conference leading to the foundation of the Red Cross, symbolizing humanitarian relief in war.
- Clara Barton (1812-1912): Founder of the American Red Cross, dedicated to providing emergency assistance.
- Lucy Osborne (1868): Established Australia’s first nursing school and served as superintendent of Sydney Hospital.
- Isabel Hampton Robb: Pioneered nursing education in North America; organized Johns Hopkins Hospital & School of Nursing and authored nursing textbooks.
- Mary Adelaide Nutting: Reduced nursing student hours from 12 to 8, established a three-year training program in nursing.
- Mary Agnes Snively: First president of the Canadian Nurses Association, promoting nursing standards.
- Lillian D. Wald: Founded Henry Street Settlement and the Visiting Nursing Service; considered the founder of Public Health Nursing.
- Lavinia Dock (1858-1956): Influential nursing leader and suffragist, involved in women's rights efforts that led to voting rights.
- Margaret Higgins Sanger: Founder of Planned Parenthood, known for her activism in reproductive health.
- Linda Richards: First trained nurse in America, graduated in 1872; reformed nursing in hospitals and founded a nursing school in Japan.
- Harriet Newton Phillips: First trained nurse to receive certification from her hospital; significant figure in community nursing.
- Mary Mahoney: First trained Black nurse, graduated in 1879 from New England Hospital for Women and Children.
Nursing Education Advances
- Nightingale’s Pledge (1893): Administered at Farrand training school in Detroit, highlighting ethical nursing commitments.
- Dr. William Halstead: Developed the first rubber gloves for surgical procedures.
- Caroline Hampton Robb: First nurse to wear gloves, setting a precedent for sanitation in healthcare.
- Clara Louise Maas: Medical researcher on yellow fever, died from the disease during the Spanish-American War.
- Edith Cavell: Known as "Mata Hari"; served as a nurse during World War I and was suspected of spying.
- Mary Breckinridge: Founded the Frontier Nursing Service, enhanced maternal and child health care, and established the first US midwifery training school.
Historical Context of Nursing
- Post Basic Nursing Courses: Emerged in the 1920s to train nurses as educators.
- Clinical Nurse Specialist Concept: Developed in the early 20th century, improving nursing practice.
Rise of Protestantism
- Protestantism challenged Catholicism and led to the closure of hundreds of hospitals in England, leaving many without care.
- Dark Period of Nursing (17th to 19th Century): Characterized by a decline in care quality and nursing becoming associated with undesirable women.
- Martin Luther: Key figure in the Protestant Reformation; shifted perceptions of nursing and care.
Reform Leaders in Nursing
- Pastor Theodor Fliedner and Frederika Munster: Founded the Kaiserwerth Institute in Germany, revolutionizing nursing education.
- John Howard: Prison reformer who improved conditions for incarcerated individuals.
- Mother Mary Aikenhead: Established the Irish Sisters of Charity, focusing on compassionate care and service.
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Description
This quiz explores significant figures in American history who fought for social change, including Harriet Tubman, Sojourner Truth, Dorothea Dix, and Jean Henri Dunant. Learn about their contributions to abolitionism, women’s rights, and humanitarian efforts. Test your knowledge about their lives and legacies in shaping a more just society.
