American History Chapters 19-24
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary objective of the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?

  • To advocate for a shorter work week without higher wages
  • To support only unskilled workers
  • To represent skilled workers in various trades (correct)
  • To eliminate all corporations

The Knights of Labor allowed only skilled white male workers to join.

False (B)

What method of farming is used in dry land areas?

dry farming

During the ________ Strike of 1877, workers protested wage cuts by destroying property and burning rail yards.

<p>Railroad</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events with their descriptions:

<p>Haymarket Affair = Protest for an 8-hour work day that turned violent Pullman Strike = Boycott of railroad cars due to wage cuts Homestead Steel Strike = Workers went on strike after wage reduction caused by management Railroad Strike of 1877 = National strike marked by violence and destruction of property</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the commander of the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I?

<p>John J. Pershing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vladimir Lenin signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany before becoming the leader of Russia.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What economic impact did railroads have on the United States?

<p>Railroads helped expand natural resources, ship goods cheaply and quickly, facilitated westward expansion, and led to the creation of time zones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The assassination of __________ led to the start of World War I.

<p>Archduke Franz Ferdinand</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following individuals with their contributions or roles:

<p>Joseph Pulitzer = Innovative newspaper publisher Alvin York = Captured 132 prisoners during the war Eddie Rickenbacker = Captain in 94th Aero squadron Woodrow Wilson = Initially advocated for US neutrality in war</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amendment granted women the right to vote in the United States?

<p>19th Amendment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Philippines were the location of the first battle of the Spanish-American War.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one major effect of the mining boom in the United States?

<p>The mining boom led to rapid population growth in mining areas and contributed to westward expansion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 1867, the US bought __________ from Russia for $7.2 million.

<p>Alaska</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main causes of the Spanish-American War?

<p>Desire for independence of Cuba (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Sherman Antitrust Act aim to eliminate?

<p>Monopolies and trusts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Bessemer process revolutionized the steel industry.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Initiative in the context of state elections?

<p>To allow citizens to place an issue on the ballot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ process allowed workers to protest for better pay and conditions during the Industrial Revolution.

<p>unionization</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the amendments with their corresponding changes:

<p>16th Amendment = Allows income tax 17th Amendment = Direct election of senators 18th Amendment = Bans the consumption of alcohol 19th Amendment = Women's right to vote</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the Progressive movement?

<p>It aimed for the regulation of industries rather than ownership. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Pendleton Act established a merit-based system for federal job recruitment.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary role of muckrakers during the Progressive Era?

<p>To expose corruption and social injustices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ policy was characterized by a nation's tendency to avoid involvement in international affairs.

<p>isolationist</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which president is associated with the Square Deal?

<p>Theodore Roosevelt (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Lusitania was a British ship sunk by a German U-boat, leading to increased tensions between the US and Germany.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first African American to receive a doctorate from Harvard?

<p>W.E.B. Du Bois</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______________ Act of 1917 punished individuals for espionage or aiding the enemy.

<p>Espionage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the historical figures to their contributions:

<p>Thomas Alva Edison = Invented the light bulb Andrew Carnegie = Steel industry leader Ida B. Wells = Anti-lynching activist Jane Addams = Founder of Hull House</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Dry Farming

A method of farming that conserves water in dry areas.

Homesteaders

A group of people who filed claims for land under the Homestead Act.

Knights of Labor

A labor organization that allowed members from all backgrounds, like women, African Americans, and immigrants.

Monopoly

A company or individual who has total control of an industry.

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Homestead Steel Strike

A violent conflict at a factory in Homestead, Pennsylvania, where workers went on strike due to wage cuts.

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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

The 1917 Treaty that ended Russia's involvement in World War I. It was signed between Russia and Germany.

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Neutrality

A policy of remaining neutral in a conflict, not taking sides.

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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, triggered a chain of events leading to World War I. The incident took place in Sarajevo, Bosnia in 1914.

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18th Amendment

The 18th amendment to the US Constitution prohibited the production, sale, and transport of alcoholic beverages in the United States. This amendment occurred during the Progressive Era and was part of the temperance movement.

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Initiative

A system of government where citizens have the power to directly propose and vote on laws, regardless of the legislature. This empowers citizens to make changes to laws without relying solely on elected officials.

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Referendum

The right of the people to vote on laws passed by the legislature. This gives citizens the power to overturn laws made by elected officials.

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Recall

The power of voters to remove an elected official before their term ends. This gives citizens a way to hold elected officials accountable for their actions.

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Expansionism

The process of expanding the geographic area of a country by acquiring new territories. This can be done through purchase, conquest, or other means.

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Militarism

The process of building up a nation's military strength, including its army, navy, and air force. This can be done by increasing the number of soldiers, acquiring new weapons, and improving military technology.

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Progressive Era

A term used to describe a set of reforms and social movements that occurred in the United States in the early 1900s. This movement aimed to address social and economic problems, such as poverty, corruption, and inequality.

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Trust

A powerful business combination that controls an entire industry or market.

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Antitrust

A legal concept that prohibits unfair competition in the marketplace. The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 aimed to break up monopolies and trusts.

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Prohibition

A set of laws banning the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages.

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Progressivism

A political philosophy that emphasizes government intervention in the economy and society to promote social justice and protect the public interest.

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Progressive Movement

A political movement that aimed to improve working conditions and reduce corruption in government.

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Settlement House Movement

A movement to improve social and economic conditions in urban areas.

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Bessemer Process

A method of steelmaking that revolutionized the industry and led to dramatic improvements in efficiency.

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Muckraker

A person who investigates and exposes corruption and wrongdoing in society.

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Suffrage

The right to vote.

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Direct Democracy

A system of government where elected officials are chosen by the people through direct voting.

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Square Deal

Theodore Roosevelt's domestic policy agenda, emphasizing government regulation of business and protecting consumer interests.

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Laissez-faire

The belief that the government should not interfere in the economy.

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Socialism

The belief that industries should be owned and controlled by the government or the public.

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Isolationism

A foreign policy doctrine that advocates for a nation to avoid involvement in the affairs of other countries.

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Protectorate

A country that is under the control of another country but maintains its own internal government.

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Study Notes

Chapter 19-24 Study Notes

  • Boomtowns: Rapidly growing settlements, often due to economic opportunities like mining
  • Homesteaders: Individuals claiming land under the Homestead Act, facing harsh conditions in the West
  • Dry Farming: Agricultural techniques adapted to arid climates
  • Vaqueros: Hispanic cowhands
  • Corporations: Large organizations controlling businesses, leading to industrial growth
  • Knights of Labor: Early labor union including skilled and unskilled workers, women, African Americans, and immigrants
  • Monopolies: Total control of an industry by a single person or company, opposed by government
  • American Federation of Labor (AFL): Skilled worker union led by Samuel Gompers; advocate for higher wages, shorter hours, and better conditions
  • Haymarket Affair: Labor protest where a bomb explosion caused violence and injuries
  • Railroad Strike of 1877: Wage cuts triggered widespread strikes, property damage, and government intervention
  • Pullman Strike: Wage cuts leading to boycotts and a court-ordered halt to workers' actions
  • Homestead Steel Strike: Wage dispute leading to violence between workers and management, hindering unions
  • Sherman Antitrust Act: Legislation outlawed monopolies and trusts
  • Bessemer Process: Steelmaking method greatly increasing steel production
  • Industrial Revolution: Dramatic shift from agrarian to industrial societies, leading to unsafe working conditions, labor union development, and worker protests
  • Assimilation: Absorption into a dominant culture
  • Settlement Houses: Community centers providing supportive services like childcare and educational opportunities to poor and immigrant families
  • Industrial Revolution Effects: Growth of factories, unsafe working conditions, rise of unions, movement to cities
  • Initiative: Citizen-proposed laws
  • Referendum: Voters directly deciding laws
  • Recall: Removal of elected officials by citizens
  • Direct Primary: Voters choosing candidates
  • Progressive Reforms: Focus on government regulation of industry
  • Prohibition: Laws prohibiting alcohol
  • Muckrakers: Investigative journalists exposing corruption
  • Square Deal: Roosevelt's approach to government regulation
  • Laissez-faire: Little government intervention in business
  • Suffrage: Right to vote (specifically for women)
  • Pendleton Act: Creation of a civil service commission to reform federal hiring
  • 16th Amendment: Authorizing federal income tax
  • 17th Amendment: Direct election of senators
  • 18th Amendment: Prohibition
  • 19th Amendment: Women's suffrage
  • "Bull Moose" Party: Progressive party founded by Theodore Roosevelt
  • Protectorate: Nation under control of another
  • Tariff: Tax on imported goods
  • Socialism: Industry ownership by the public
  • Isolationist: Policy of avoiding international affairs
  • Spanish American War Causes: Cuban independence movement, yellow journalism, USS Maine explosion
  • USS Maine: US battleship that exploded in Havana harbor; contributed to war sentiment
  • Roosevelt Corollary: US intervention in Latin American affairs
  • Yellow Fever/Malaria: Diseases impacting Panama Canal construction workers
  • Platt Amendment: Limited Cuban sovereignty after Spanish American War
  • "Gentlemen's Agreement": Limited Japanese immigration
  • Doughboys: Name for US soldiers
  • Stalemate: Military deadlock
  • Submarine Warfare: German U-boats targeting supplies to Britain
  • Convoys: Groups of ships escorting for protection
  • Lusitania: British ship sunk by a German U-boat
  • Unterseeboots (U-boats): German submarines
  • Treaty of Versailles: Post-WWI peace treaty
  • Great Migration: African Americans and Mexicans migrating north for work
  • Zimmermann Note: Telegram proposing an alliance between Germany and Mexico
  • League of Nations: International organization to avoid future wars inspired by Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points
  • Fourteen Points Plan: Wilson's post-war plan
  • Armistice: Agreement to end fighting
  • Triple Entente: Allied powers (Great Britain, France, Russia)
  • Committee on Public Information: US propaganda effort
  • War Industries Board: Supervised US industry during the war
  • Espionage Act: Law punishing aid to the enemy

People

  • Thomas Edison: Inventions like the light bulb, power plants, and gas transportation
  • Samuel Morse: Telegraph and Morse code inventor
  • Henry Bessemer: Developed the Bessemer Process (steelmaking)
  • Andrew Carnegie: Prominent steel magnate
  • Grover Cleveland: President who used federal troops to end strikes
  • Jane Addams: Founder of the Hull House
  • Theodore Roosevelt: Progressive President, conservationist, "Square Deal"
  • Booker T. Washington: Founded Tuskegee Institute
  • "Boss" Tweed: Corrupt NYC political boss
  • Eugene Debs: Socialist leader
  • William Howard Taft: President followed Roosevelt, supported certain reforms
  • William McKinley: President during Spanish American War
  • Ida B. Wells: Journalist advocating against lynching
  • W.E.B. Du Bois: Influential African American leader, founder of NAACP
  • Homer Plessy: Plessy v. Ferguson case
  • Theodore Roosevelt (Military Leader): Rough Rider, military experience
  • Joseph Pulitzer: Famous journalist
  • Eddie Rickenbacker: Allied Air Ace
  • Nicholas II: Last Tsar of Russia – abdicated his throne during WWI
  • Alvin York: Allied hero
  • Woodrow Wilson: US President during WWI
  • Vladimir Lenin: Russian communist leader
  • Archduke Franz Ferdinand: Assassinated which started WWI
  • Henry Cabot Lodge: Opponent of the League of Nations
  • John Pershing: General, commander of the American Expeditionary Force

Places

  • Columbia: Original owner of Panama
  • Philippines: Site of early battles in the Spanish-American War
  • China: Significant trading partner of US
  • Japan: Trade relations with the US
  • Alaska: Acquired by the US from Russia
  • Panama: Location of the Panama Canal
  • France: Allied nation, major WWI battle participant
  • Germany: Central Power, WWI participant
  • Russia: Allied nation, WWI participant, withdrew from WWI
  • Austria-Hungary: Central Power, WWI participant

Central Ideas/Concepts

  • Railroads' Impact: Expanded US economy, natural resources, and settlement patterns
  • Homesteaders' Life: Harsh climate, limited resources
  • Mining Boom Effects: Rapid population growth, economic opportunities, challenges
  • Progressive Era Reforms: Amendments, regulations, social reforms, and voter power
  • Women in the War Effort: Contributions in non-combat roles
  • Russian Revolution's Effect: Impact on WWI

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Explore the pivotal events and concepts from Chapters 19-24 of American history, focusing on the development of boomtowns, labor unions, and agrarian practices in the West. Understand the dynamics between corporations, monopolies, and workers' rights during this transformative period. This quiz will test your knowledge on essential terms and significant events.

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