American History Chapter 6 Review

Key Figures in the American Revolution

• Ben Franklin: American diplomat and scientist from Philadelphia; instrumental in securing French support during the Revolutionary War.
• Benedict Arnold: American general known for his bravery; later became infamous for his treason.
• Cornwallis: British general responsible for the southern campaign; defeated by Washington at the Battle of Yorktown.
• George III: Reigning King of England during the American Revolution.
• Thomas Paine: Author of the influential pamphlet "Common Sense," advocating for independence.
• John Locke: Enlightenment philosopher associated with the concept of natural rights influencing revolutionary thought.
• John Burgoyne: British general involved in a failed invasion of New York in 1777; surrendered at the Battle of Saratoga.
• Thomas Jefferson: Virginia lawyer and planter; principal author of the Declaration of Independence.

Key Terms and Concepts

• Patriot: Individuals who supported war against British rule, advocating for independence.
• Mercenary: Professional soldiers hired to fight, typically not aligned with the cause.
• Radical: Individuals calling for significant societal change and reforms.
• Ally: Allies formed to achieve shared political goals against common enemies.
• Loyalist: People preferring peaceful negotiations to resolve conflict with Britain.
• Natural Rights: Fundamental rights inherent to individuals at birth, deriving from a creator rather than governmental authority.
• Traitor: An individual who betrays their own country or cause.

Military Terms

• Cavalry: Troops mounted on horseback, crucial for mobility in battle.
• Siege: A military tactic involving surrounding an enemy position to compel surrender.

Significant Events and Battles

• Preamble: The introduction to foundational documents such as the Declaration of Independence.
• Lexington and Concord: Marked the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War.
• Bunker Hill: Notable for being the first major battle of the war; a costly victory for British forces.
• Long Island: Significant British victory in 1776 resulting in the control of New York City.
• Trenton: Notable battle initiated by Washington's daring nighttime crossing of the Delaware River.
• Saratoga: Turning point of the war; Burgoyne's surrender shifted momentum toward the American forces.
• Monmouth: Tactical draw between American and British forces, highlighting Washington's persistent efforts.
• Cowpens: Victory for General Morgan achieved through innovative battlefield strategies.
• Yorktown: Final major conflict leading to the conclusion of the American Revolution, resulting in British surrender.

Test your knowledge on key figures and events from Chapter 6 of American History. This quiz covers important personalities such as Ben Franklin and Benedict Arnold, and significant military campaigns like that at Yorktown. Perfect for reviewing the essentials of American historical context.