Gospel of Wealth Quiz and Flashcards for American Heritage

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Questions and Answers

What did the individual not do because of the cost?

Go to the doctor

What did the individual not eat because they couldn't afford food?

Food

Why did the individual move in with others?

Financial stress

How many nights did the individual stay at a shelter?

At least one night Signup and view all the answers

Who said, 'What our government does these days is especially responsive to the values and interests of the most privileged Americans.'?

APSA Task Force Signup and view all the answers

What are the six evolving ideas of freedom?

Civil War Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are characteristics of recession or depression? (Select all that apply)

Output falls and unemployment rises Signup and view all the answers

What were some characteristics of the Great Depression morally? (Select all that apply)

Alcoholism Signup and view all the answers

How was the Great Depression considered a political crisis? (Select all that apply)

Violent conflict Signup and view all the answers

Who said, 'Use of the authority of government as an organized form of self-help for all classes and groups and sections of our country'?

FDR Signup and view all the answers

What agencies help create financial stability? (Select all that apply)

FDIC Signup and view all the answers

What were FDR's views on the economy? (Select all that apply)

Economic security is a right Signup and view all the answers

What were Hoover's views on the economy? (Select all that apply)

Increasing bureaucratization can mean a loss of freedom Signup and view all the answers

What did Hoover worry about regarding the rise of government?

The loss of economic freedom Signup and view all the answers

What two types of government might FDR have saved the country from?

Communism and Fascism Signup and view all the answers

What lessons have we learned from history about foreign policy? (Select all that apply)

Strong sense of mission in foreign policy Signup and view all the answers

Progressive amendments are ______

16-21 Signup and view all the answers

Winthrop is compared to ____________.

Andrew Carnegie Signup and view all the answers

Hoover had _____________ and wanted _ compared to____.

Negative liberty, moderation, FDR Signup and view all the answers

What are the Three Founding Moments (changed gov't) and who said it?

<ol> <li>Philadelphia Convention/Constitution 2. Reconstruction/Civil War Amendments 3. New Deal - Bruce Ackerman</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core idea of Sumner in 'What Social Classes Owe Each Other'?

The forgotten man Signup and view all the answers

Rugged Individualism: By Herbert Hoover

More negative freedom than FDR, liberties same otherwise become like a tyranny Signup and view all the answers

What are Andrew Carnegie's beliefs in 'The Gospel of Wealth'?

<ol> <li>Invest 2. Give it to children 3. Spend on behalf of the public good while alive.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Golden Age of the Middle Class reference?

Baby boom area and GI Bill Signup and view all the answers

What are the four steps to a non-violent campaign mentioned in 'Letter from Birmingham Jail' by MLK Jr.?

<ol> <li>Collect facts 2. Negotiations 3. Self-purification 4. Direct Action</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of New Freedom?

Government is a living thing that needs to evolve. Signup and view all the answers

What was established by the Plessy vs. Ferguson case?

Set a precedent for civil rights movement Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Little Rock Nine?

A group of African American students escorted into a racially segregated school by the National Guard. Signup and view all the answers

What is Positive Liberty?

Freedom to act, with government as a liberator. Signup and view all the answers

What is Negative Liberty?

Freedom from interference in basic human rights. Signup and view all the answers

Define Progressivism.

Political reform based on individual goodness versus special interests. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Dred Scott Case?

Slaves were labeled as property. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Marbury vs. Madison?

Established the Supreme Court's power of judicial review. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Virginia Plan?

Madison's plan for representation based on population. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Great Compromise?

Equal representation in one house, population-based in the other. Signup and view all the answers

What did Federalist 10 state about factions?

Factions are beneficial as they compete for power. Signup and view all the answers

What is a monopoly?

One corporation owns everything in that area. Signup and view all the answers

What are Externalities?

Exchange effects on third parties. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'subsidize' refer to?

Government assistance in lowering prices. Signup and view all the answers

Who authored the 'Second Treatises'?

John Locke Signup and view all the answers

What did Adam Smith write?

Wealth of Nations Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of liberty mentioned?

Ancient Liberty, Winthrop's Civil Liberty, Negative Liberty, Positive Liberty, Radical Liberty. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Progressive solutions address?

<ol> <li>Break up monopolies 2. Regulate work and housing 3. Move power closer to the people.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Progressive Amendments

Amendments 16-21 focus on progressive reforms in U.S. governance.

Winthrop vs. Carnegie

John Winthrop compared to Andrew Carnegie, both influential figures in their time.

Hoover's Ideology

Hoover emphasized negative liberty, advocating for moderation as opposed to FDR's approach.

Founding Moments in Governance

Significant changes in government through three key moments: Philadelphia Convention/Constitution, Reconstruction and Civil War Amendments, New Deal as articulated by Bruce Ackerman.

The "forgotten man" concept; advocates for economic freedom, stable currency, and minimal taxation as the best help for individuals seeking self-improvement.

Hoover's Rugged Individualism

Differentiated from FDR's views; argued excessive liberties can lead to tyranny.

Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth

Wealth should be used to invest, support children, and contribute to public good while alive; philanthropy is a crucial responsibility of the affluent.

The Golden Age of the Middle Class

Post-WWII baby boom led to increased leisure and benefits from the GI Bill for veterans.

MLK Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail"

Outlined four steps for non-violent campaigns; emphasized the importance of disobeying unjust laws openly and accept consequences.

Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom

Constitution viewed as adaptable; government seen as a living entity rather than a strict machine.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Established the 'separate but equal' doctrine; pivotal case influencing the civil rights movement.

Los Angeles Club Issues

Identified challenges of political machines and the influence of large corporations.

Sandel's Moral Individualism

Kant and Rawls prioritized individual rights over collective good, contrasting with Aristotle’s views.

Moral Responsibility

Includes natural duties, voluntary obligations, and obligations of solidarity, emphasizing respect and consent.

The Inspired Constitution

Recognizes certain constitutional elements as divinely inspired, inferring divine guidance in legislation.

Dealing with Factions

Strategies include controlling effects through extended republic, separation of powers, and checks & balances.

Brown v. Board of Education

Declared that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal, prompting school desegregation.

Little Rock Nine Incident (1957)

President Eisenhower intervened to enable African American students to attend a previously segregated school.

Positive Liberty

Concept of freedom to act, with government serving as a liberator.

Negative Liberty

Focuses on freedom from governmental interference; includes rights like speech and religion.

Definition of Progressivism

Political reform championed through initiatives, referendums, and an emphasis on public interest versus special interests.

Dred Scott Case

Ruled that slaves were property, not citizens, hence lacking standing to sue for freedom.

Marbury v. Madison

Established the principle of judicial review, asserting the Supreme Court’s role in interpreting the Constitution.

Radical vs. Modern

Radicalism embraces extremes, while modern perspectives align with social norms and constraints.

Virtue, Freedom, and Welfare

Greek conception of virtue relates to achievements, whereas welfare focuses on public well-being.

Human Predicament Cycle

Illustrates the cyclical nature of governance transitioning between tyranny, revolution, and anarchy.

Puritan Influence

Promoted the idea of covenant communities united by faith.

Corporate Corporations

Tobacco as a primary economic driver in early American history, credited to John Rolfe.

Rule of Law Principles

Includes generality, prospectivity, due process, consent, and publicity of laws.

John Locke's Contributions

"Second Treatises" outlines natural rights, social contracts, and the people's right to rebel against oppressive government.

Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations"

Introduced concepts of the invisible hand and economic specialization.

Comparative Advantage in Economics

Producers should specialize in goods with the lowest opportunity cost.

Opportunity Cost Definition

Represents the value of the next best alternative forgone.

Mercantilism

Economic theory focused on accumulating wealth for the nation.

Specialization Concept

Allocation of resources to produce a limited range of goods efficiently.

Equilibrium Price

The price point where supply equals demand.

Laws of Supply and Demand

Supply increases with rising prices; demand decreases as prices rise.

Articles of Confederation Weaknesses

Established a weak national government leading to the Constitutional Convention.

Constitutional Convention Goals

Aimed to revise the Articles, resulting in a new federal Constitution.

Virginia Plan

Proposed representation in Congress based on state population, favoring larger states.

New Jersey Plan

Suggested equal representation for states regardless of size, creating conflict with the Virginia Plan.

Great Compromise

Led to a bicameral legislature balancing population-based and equal representation.

Federalist Papers

Advocated for factions (Federalist 10); emphasized the importance of the judiciary (Federalist 78); argued against the necessity of a Bill of Rights (Federalist 84).

Anti-Federalists

Opposed the Constitution, raising concerns about central governance.

Articles of the Constitution Overview

Establishes legislative, executive, and judicial powers along with states' rights and responsibilities.

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Requires states to recognize public records and judicial proceedings across state lines.

Amendment Process

Amendments can be proposed by a supermajority and require ratification from three-fourths of states.

Supremacy Clause

Federal law takes precedence over conflicting state laws.

Ratification Requirements

Constitution needs approval from at least nine states.

Evolving Ideas of Freedom

Concepts of freedom have transformed from ancient views to contemporary interpretations.

Characteristics of Recession/Depression

Triggered by economic shocks leading to wage rigidity, unemployment, and decreased output.

Moral Impacts of the Great Depression

Led to societal issues such as increased suicide rates, addiction, and national demoralization.

Political Crisis during the Great Depression

Created severe hardships that strained governance, fueling conflict and demands for systemic reform.

FDR's New Deal Perspectives

Advocated for economic security as a right and redefined the role of government in ensuring welfare.

Agencies for Financial Stability

Included the SEC, FDIC, and NLRB as key institutions for regulatory oversight and financial security.

Hoover's Economic Philosophy

Emphasized the need for economic freedom and minimal government interference in markets.

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Test your knowledge of key concepts and figures from American Heritage. This quiz covers progressive amendments, comparisons of historical figures, and foundational moments in U.S. government. Perfect for review before your final exam!

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