American Government and Enlightenment Ideas
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Questions and Answers

Which reason contributed to the influence of the Enlightenment on American politics and government?

  • Ideas of liberty and property attract immigrants to the colonies. (correct)
  • Colonists are drawn to the divine right of kings.
  • Colonists respond against British violations of natural rights. (correct)
  • Colonists have historically embraced autocratic rule.

    • How do conflicting Enlightenment ideas impact American government?

  • The Constitution limits democratic representation. (correct)
  • Conflicting Enlightenment views promote a cohesive political system.
  • Interests of private property can hinder social needs. (correct)
  • The separation of powers ensures democratic stability.

    • Which statements accurately describe the concept of the state of nature?

  • It defines human beings' relationship with animals.
  • It facilitates a philosophical understanding of human nature. (correct)
  • It assumes that humans are inherently social beings. (correct)
  • It is a practical guide for governance.

    • What term describes the agreement made between individuals and the government?

    <p>Social contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which document safeguards Locke's natural rights and incorporates Montesquieu's due process protections?

    <p>The Constitution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prompted the need to replace the Articles of Confederation?

    <p>The new country had inadequate military support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the structure of representation in Congress under the Articles of Confederation?

    <p>Each state had one vote in Congress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge did the Articles of Confederation pose for new trade relationships?

    <p>The weak government structure deterred foreign trading partners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major weakness of the Articles of Confederation?

    <p>Congress could not declare war without the approval of state governments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which powers were granted to the national government under the Articles of Confederation?

    <p>The power to declare war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the national government given the power to regulate trade with Native Americans?

    <p>They were considered foreign nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which debate did the Great Compromise address to move forward in the Constitutional Convention?

    <p>The balance of power between state and federal governments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen to a runaway enslaved person who escaped and fled to another state under the original Constitution?

    <p>Runaway enslaved people could be reclaimed by their owners and taken back.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Great Compromise aim to balance in the legislative branch?

    <p>Representation between large and small states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concern did the separation of powers specifically address during the Constitutional Convention?

    <p>Increasing the power of the national government would allow it to become too powerful.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of representation was addressed by the Great Compromise?

    <p>Representation would be based on population for the lower house and equal for the upper house.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT a limitation of the Articles of Confederation?

    <p>Congress had the authority to levy taxes on citizens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism was not implemented to prevent the national government from abusing its power?

    <p>The Supremacy Clause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Constitutional change was not supported by the Federalists?

    <p>The addition of the Bill of Rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the option for representation based on population in the lower house implement?

    <p>Favor large, populous states in legislation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the series of essays published beginning in 1787 that advocated for a strong federal government?

    <p>The Federalist Papers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which belief would have been least likely held by a Federalist during the development of the Constitution?

    <p>Individual rights should be protected independently from the Constitution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ideological conflict over representation in the government primarily arose between which two groups?

    <p>Northern and southern states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group expressed concerns that a powerful national government might abuse its authority?

    <p>Anti-Federalists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What belief did the Federalists hold regarding governance?

    <p>A belief in the need for a strong centralized government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which document bolstered Federalist support for a representative government?

    <p>The Federalist Papers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which constitutional mechanism relates to how branches of government influence each other's operations?

    <p>Checks and balances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the Founders establish checks and balances?

    <p>To prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of government is most detailed in the Constitution?

    <p>Congress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a federal system of government?

    <p>A division of powers between national and state governments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a unitary system of government?

    <p>The central government controls local governments' functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about federal systems of government?

    <p>They often include checks and balances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept is an Enlightenment idea that influenced the leaders of the American Revolution?

    <p>Social contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Bill of Rights reflect the influence of Enlightenment ideas on the Constitution?

    <p>The Bill of Rights explicitly listed individual freedoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the general structure of the U.S. government under the Articles of Confederation?

    <p>It was an alliance of independent states under a limited central government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major problem with the Articles of Confederation?

    <p>The national government did not have the power to impose taxes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes Article IV, Section 2, Clause 3 in the Constitution, also known as the Fugitive Slave Clause?

    <p>Enslavers could reclaim their enslaved people in states where they had fled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major compromise regarding apportionment was made at the Constitutional Convention?

    <p>The proportional representation of enslaved people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the opposing views in the debates between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists?

    <p>Federalists favored a strong central government while the Anti-Federalists favored strong state governments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Question 1

    • Colonists were drawn to Enlightenment ideas of liberty and property.
    • Colonists' self-governance experience aligned with Enlightenment ideals.
    • Enlightenment ideas shaped colonists' reactions to British actions.

    Question 2

    • The Constitution created a government not entirely aligned with democratic expression.
    • Conflicts between ideals produced an increasingly undemocratic system.
    • Balance between popular government and separation of powers is an ideal.
    • Private property rights can sometimes clash with government needs.

    Question 3

    • The state of nature describes human-animal relations.
    • It's a philosophical concept to understand human nature, proper society, and government.

    Question 4

    • A social contract is when people create an agreement with the governing body.

    Question 5

    • The Bill of Rights protects Locke's natural rights and due process.

    Question 1 (Page 2)

    • One reason for replacing the Articles of Confederation was the weak national government.
    • Countries did not want to trade due to weak government.
    • States did not have enough strength.
    • The United States lacked a strong military

    Question 2 (Page 2)

    • Each state received one vote during the Articles of Confederation, no matter the state's size.

    Question 3 (Page 2)

    • Under the Articles of Confederation, the government had the power to declare war.
    • They could borrow and coin money.
    • Settle disputes among the states.

    Question 4 (Page 2)

    • A major weakness of the Articles of Confederation was the failure of the national government in regulating trade with Native Americans.

    Question 5 (Page 3)

    • The Articles of Confederation lacked the authority to regulate trade with Native Americans.
    • The national government didn't oversee currency use.

    Question 1 (Page 4)

    • The national government needed Congress's approval to declare war under the Articles of Confederation.
    • The government did not control the army.
    • States controlled treaties.
    • Congress couldn't organize government departments.

    Question 1 (Page 5)

    • The Great Compromise resolved the debate about state representation in Congress.
    • Large states wanted more representation, and small states wanted equal representation.

    Question 2 (Page 5)

    • The Great Compromise attempted to balance competing economic interests.
    • It addressed differing ideologies and sectional interests.

    Question 3 (Page 5)

    • Runaway enslaved people could be returned to their owners.

    Question 5 (Page 6)

    • Concerns during the Convention included giving smaller states equal representation.
    • National government taxation without representation affected the people.
    • Increased national power and the concern of southern representation.

    Question 5 (Page 6)

    • Separation of powers
    • Supremacy clause
    • Checks and balances, not the veto
    • Mechanisms were to ensure the government didn't abuse the public's power.

    Question 1 (Page 7)

    • The addition of the Bill of Rights wasn't a Federalist idea, rather Anti-Federalists opposed this change.
    • Federalists favored national government powers including collecting taxes, but not electing senators through state legislatures.

    Question 2 (Page 7)

    • The Federalist Papers were a series of publications advocating for a strong federal government.

    Question 3 (Page 7)

    • Lack of belief in a strong, centralized government was against Federalist belief.
    • It was a belief that the Constitution should not be ratified.

    Question 4 (Page 7)

    • Federalists believed in a strong executive as one way to support the ideas of their representative government.

    Question 5 (Page 8)

    • Federalist Papers, Declaration of Independence, and The Second Treatise on Government.

    Question 5 (Page 8)

    • Separation of powers details how branches interact and prevent one from overpowering another.

    Question 1 (Page 8)

    • The Founders favored power limitations and separate branches, avoiding overly powerful executives.

    Question 2 (Page 9)

    • The Constitution included most detail regarding the Judiciary branch, not the Presidency nor Congress.

    Question 3 (Page 9)

    • A federal system divides power between national and state governments.
    • Both levels have distinct roles.

    Question 4 (Page 9)

    • In a unitary system, the central government controls finances, and it defines local boundaries.

    Question 5 (Page 9)

    • Federal systems separate powers between state and national governments.

    Question 1 (Page 10)

    • Universal suffrage, free press, trial by jury, and social contract were Enlightenment concepts.

    Question 2 (Page 10)

    • The Bill of Rights ensured civil liberties would not be violated and listed freedoms.

    Question 1 (Page 11)

    • It was a collection of states with limited powers.

    Question 4 (Page 11)

    • Larger states wielded considerable power, national government had limited power, national government lacked tax authority, and ratification wasn't unanimous among all states.

    Question 5 (Page 11)

    • Enslavers could retrieve enslaved people in other states.

    Question 2 (Page 12)

    • Federalists supported strong national governments, while Anti-Federalists supported stronger state governments.

    Question 3 (Page 12)

    • Disagreements included views on tariffs, the executive branch, and religious toleration.

    Question 4 (Page 12)

    • The diverse interests of people made a powerful, centralized government questionable.
    • The common interest was determined by the government in a way that was appropriate for the time period.

    Question 5 (Page 12)

    • The branches operate under checks & balances to prevent power abuse.

    Question 12 (Page 13)

    • Each branch of government works autonomously from each other without the need for cooperation or authority among branches.
    • Branches of the government work independent of each other but cooperate on matters of national importance.
    • Branches of the government work together to function and check each others powers.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the influence of Enlightenment philosophies on American politics and government, including the concepts of state of nature and social contracts. It examines the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and the establishment of representation in Congress. Test your understanding of these foundational ideas!

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