American Flags

Flags (Chapter XI)

• When a flag is at half-staff, it's a sign of mourning.
• There are three flag types:
  • Garrison flag: 20 ft hoist x 38 ft fly
  • Post flag
  • Storm flag: 8 ft. 11 3/8 in. hoist x 17 ft fly
  • 5 ft. hoist x 9 ft. 6 in. fly
• A guidon is a swallow-tailed flag carried by companies, batteries, troops, and certain detachments

American Flag

• Colors stand for red (hardiness and valor), white (purity and innocence) and blue (vigilance, perseverance, and justice)
• Stripes represent the original 13 colonies, and the stars represent the 50 states
• The hoist of the flag is the width, and the fly is the length
• The ball on top of the flagpole is called the truck
• When displayed with other flags, the American flag is positioned to the right
• To raise to half-staff: Hoist to the top, then lower to half-staff
• To lower from half-staff: Hoist to the top, then lower
• Worn out flags should be destroyed wholly and privately, preferably by burning
• The American flag has 13 stripes, alternating 7 red and 6 white, with the first and last stripes being red

First Aid (Chapter XII)

• First aid refers to emergency care before medical personnel arrive
• The four life-saving steps are:
  • Open the airway and restore breathing
  • Stop the bleeding
  • Prevent shock
  • Dress and bandage the wound to avoid infection
• The head-tilt method and the jaw-lift method are two ways to open the airway
• Mouth-to-mouth and chest-pressure arm-lift are two primary methods of administering artificial respiration
• The use of pressure dressing is the preferred method for controlling severe bleeding
• Symptoms of shock include restlessness, thirst, pale skin, and rapid heartbeat
• Two types of fractures are closed and open fractures
• A fracture is immobilized to prevent bone fragments from moving and cutting tissue, muscle, blood vessels, and nerves
• Self-aid is emergency treatment applied to oneself
• Three types of bleeding are arterial, venous, and capillary

Basic Knowledge (Chapter II)

• Military courtesy is respect and consideration for other Armed Forces personnel
• If alone in a room when an officer enters, come to attention and greet. If others are present, call "Attention" and render the greeting
• Salute when meeting and recognizing a member of the Armed Forces entitled to a salute
• Also, salute when the National Anthem, to the colors, Ruffles and Flourishes, or Hail to the Chief is played
• Other times to salute are when the national colors or standard passes by; on ceremonial occasions; in all official greetings; at reveille; when within sight of the flag or sound of the music; during the rendering of honors; or when passing by uncased colors outdoors
• When saluting, you salute the uniform, not the person
• When the flag is lowered, military personnel in uniform are at attention and salute; civilians remove hats and place hands over their hearts
• Wearing a hat is permissible when under arms
• Position of honor dictates that those of lower rank walk or sit to the left of those with senior rank
• Show respect for the National Anthem by standing at attention, facing the music, and saluting while out of doors in uniform
• Show military courtesy when talking to an officer by addressing them as SIR or MA'AM
• A flag at half-staff is a sign of mourning
• LET stands for Leadership, Education, and Training
• Teamwork is the key to success in the JROTC program
• JROTC stands for Junior Reserved Officer Training Corps
• Captain Alden Partridge was the founder of JROTC

Acronyms and Abbreviations (Chapter VI)

• NCO: Noncommissioned Officer
• NCOIC: Noncommissioned Officer In Charge
• JROTC: Junior Reserved Officer Training Corps
• ROTC: Reserved Officer Training Corps
• COT: Commander of the Troops
• CIC: Commander in Charge
• TOE: Table of Organization and Equipment United States
• US: United States
• SGT: Sergeant
• CPL: Corporal
• SAI: Senior Army Instructor
• AI: Army Instructor
• BC: Battalion Commander
• XO: Executive Office
• S-1: Adjutant or Personnel Officer
• S-2: Security and Intelligence Officer
• S-3: Operations and Training Officer
• S-4: Supply Officer
• S-5: Public Affairs/Historian Officer
• S-6: Communications/Special Projects Officer Assistant to the SAI

Drill and Ceremony (Chapter VII)

• One normally falls in and begins from the position of attention
• Talking during drill is only permitted at Rest
• The command to stop a marching unit is "Halt."
• The FIELD MANUAL 3-22-5 contains answers about drill and ceremony
• In a company line formation, the Guidon placement occurs prior to the command "Post."
• When forming the company, take two 15-inch steps to the left and one step forward from the First Sergeant
• After the command "Post," take two 15-inch steps to the left and one step forward from the company Commander
• Correct length of the arm swing when drilling is 9 inches to the front and 6 inches to the rear
• There are 180 steps taken in Double Time
• All commands are given from the position of attention
• When given the command "Open Ranks, March", the (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th) squad takes (2 steps, 1 step, stay at St fast, 2 15-inch steps backwards)

Leadership (Chapter VIII)

• Four values possessed by a good leader: courage, candor, commitment, and competence
• Three styles of leadership: directing, delegating, and participating
• A leader provides subordinates with purpose, direction, and motivation
• Leadership is the ability to direct and influence others to accomplish a task
• Teamwork is working together to complete assigned tasks on time with good results

Uniform (Chapter IX)

• The uniform must be worn with pride
• The JROTC insignia on the garrison cap is on the left side, one inch from the crease, centered vertically between the top of the braid and the bottom of the cap
• Ribbons for males are positioned on the left side, one eighth of an inch above the pocket and centered
• Ribbons for females are positioned on the left side, one eighth of an inch above the imaginary line centered on the vertical line
• For males, the Honor Unit (Blue Star) is worn one fourth of an inch above the right pocket and centered
• For females, the Honor Unit (Blue Star) is worn on the right side, one fourth of an inch above the nameplate and centered vertically
• Regulations covering uniform wear are AR 670-1 and CCR 145-2
• ACU stands for Army Combat Uniform
• Female cadets can wear small spherical earrings not exceeding one fourth of an inch in diameter with the Class A or B uniform
• Male cadets are not authorized to wear earrings in uniform
• The AG 415-1 long- or short-sleeved shirt is worn under the army green coat
• Class A or B uniforms are worn during ceremonies and social functions
• The BDU uniform is worn during summer camp and for participation in special teams
• Black socks are worn with the Class A or B uniform
• For males, the nameplate is centered on the right pocket flap between the top of the pocket and the button
• For females, the nameplate is 1 inch above the top button, centered horizontally on the right side

Citizenship & American History (Chapter X)

• Two ways to become an American citizen: being born in America or being naturalized
• A citizen is someone born in a country who owes their allegiance to that country's government
• The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution are called the Bill of Rights
• The three branches of the U.S. government are the executive, legislative, and judicial
• Patriotism is the love and devotion to one's own country
• The first amendment guarantees freedom of speech, assembly, and religion
• General George Washington was the first Commander of the Continental Army
• The Civil War caused America to suffer the most casualties
• Francis Scott Key wrote the Star-Spangled Banner
• The nation's birthday (Flag Day) is June 14th