American Civil War and British Relations

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Questions and Answers

What was unique about the commission in the Treaty of Ghent of 1814?

It included a 'neutral' element.

Who appointed the additional members to the commission in the Alabama dispute?

The King of Italy, the President of the Swiss Confederation, and the Emperor of Brazil.

What was the outcome of the Alabama dispute?

A 'kind of collegiate international court'.

What event triggered the growth of American economic power?

The Second Industrial Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

What was President Woodrow Wilson's initial stance on World War I?

He promised to stay neutral. Signup and view all the answers

What led to the United States' involvement in World War I?

Congress voted to declare war on Germany. Signup and view all the answers

Why did the United States not ratify the Treaty of Versailles?

Because it didn't have a majority in Congress. Signup and view all the answers

What event triggered the United States' involvement in World War II?

The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the mixed commission's decision regarding the dispute between the United States and Britain?

In favor of the United States Signup and view all the answers

Why did laid-off cotton workers in Lancashire towns support the Union during the Civil War?

Because of their opposition to slavery Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of the lack of cotton imports from the American South on Britain?

It led to an increase in imperial adventures in India and elsewhere Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Alabama dispute in international law?

It marked a victory for the principle of pacific arbitration Signup and view all the answers

Where was the Boer War fought?

South Africa Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the British investors' actions following the lead of J.P.Morgan in the aftermath of the Civil War?

They poured funds into the United States Signup and view all the answers

Who was captured by the Boers during the Boer War?

Winston Churchill Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the mixed commission established to solve the legal dispute between the United States and Britain?

It was a continuation of the Jay Treaty of 1794 Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Union's blockade of Confederate ports on many Lancashire towns?

It led to high unemployment Signup and view all the answers

When did Winston Churchill return to England?

July 1900 Signup and view all the answers

What was the Salt March about?

Protesting British rule in India Signup and view all the answers

What role did Liverpool dockers play in the growth of British labor unions?

They supported the growth of labor unions Signup and view all the answers

What was Mahatma Gandhi's role in South Africa?

A spokesman for his countrymen Signup and view all the answers

When did Winston Churchill and Mahatma Gandhi first meet?

November 1906 Signup and view all the answers

How did Winston Churchill describe Mahatma Gandhi?

A malignant subversive fanatic Signup and view all the answers

What was the Boer War fought over?

Control of gold-mining complex Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the British North America Act passed?

1867 Signup and view all the answers

Who coined the phrase 'special relationship'?

Winston Churchill Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Atlantic Charter?

To spell out hopes for a better future for the world Signup and view all the answers

What event was still months away when FDR and Churchill met?

Pearl Harbor Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the project in which the UK and USA collaborated?

Manhattan Project Signup and view all the answers

What was Winston Churchill's attitude towards Mahatma Gandhi?

He hated him Signup and view all the answers

What marked the final step in Canada's transition to independence?

The Canada Act Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote an article about Churchill and Gandhi?

Ramachandra Guha Signup and view all the answers

What was Churchill's view on the special relationship between the United States and the United Kingdom?

It was essential for the maintenance of peace. Signup and view all the answers

Where did Churchill deliver his famous 'Sinews of Peace' address?

Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri Signup and view all the answers

What did Churchill believe was necessary for the 'fraternal association' of English-speaking peoples?

Growing friendship and mutual understanding Signup and view all the answers

What did Churchill propose for the joint use of bases around the world?

Joint use by both the United Kingdom and the United States Signup and view all the answers

Why did Churchill believe that the special relationship was important?

To maintain peace and security Signup and view all the answers

What was Churchill's view on the relationship between the special relationship and the World Organization?

They were complementary Signup and view all the answers

What did Churchill emphasize in his 'Sinews of Peace' address?

The fraternal association of English-speaking peoples Signup and view all the answers

What did Churchill propose for the interchange of military personnel?

The exchange of officers and cadets at technical colleges Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Alabama Dispute

The dispute was submitted to a mixed commission, which contained a neutral element, to solve the legal dispute between the United States and Britain.
The commission held in favor of the United States, leading to the extreme unpopularity of British Prime Minister William Gladstone.
The dispute spawned much debate in international law, marking an important victory for the principle of resorting to pacific arbitration for international disputes.

The American Civil War

Britain "benefited" from the Civil War, as the lack of cotton imports from the American South pushed Britain further into imperial adventures in India and elsewhere to obtain new supplies.
British investors, following the lead of J.P. Morgan, poured funds into the United States after the Civil War, financing the Second Industrial Revolution.

The USA and Britain in the 20th Century

The USA initially did not want to get involved in World War I (1914-1918) and President Woodrow Wilson promised to stay neutral.
The USA eventually declared war on Germany in 1917 after Wilson changed his mind.
The USA never ratified the Treaty of Versailles because Wilson didn't have the majority in Congress.
The United States did not become involved in World War II until the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.

The Atlantic Charter

Four months before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill reached an agreement on a joint declaration "of certain common principles in the national policies of their respective countries on which they based their hopes for a better future for the world".
The Atlantic Charter spelled out a summary of the two nations' hopes for a better future for the world.

Winston Churchill and the Special Relationship

Winston Churchill coined the expression "special relationship" between the people of Britain and the people of the United States in 1945.
The statement was initially meant to bypass a narrowly construed interpretation of the Anglo-American relationship.
Churchill later developed his ideas and views of this "special relationship" in his famous "Sinews of Peace" address delivered at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri on 5 March 1946.

The Boer War and Churchill

The Boer War was fought in South Africa from October 1899 to May 1902 between Great Britain and the two Boer (Afrikaner) republics.
Winston Churchill arrived in Cape Town at the very beginning of the Boer War and was captured two weeks later by the Boers.
He escaped one month later and took part in several battles, returning to England a hero in July 1900.

Churchill and Gandhi

Churchill and Mahatma Gandhi first met in London in November 1906, when Churchill was an undersecretary of state for the colonies and Gandhi was a spokesman for his countrymen in South Africa.
Churchill consistently attacked Gandhi after Gandhi became a proponent of civil disobedience, epitomized by the Salt March in 1930.
Churchill called Gandhi a "malignant subversive fanatic" and "a seditious Middle Temple lawyer, now posing as a fakir of type well known in the East".

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