Amebicidals and Entamoeba Histolytica Life Cycle

An invasive disease caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality.

The most pathogenic species of Entamoeba, responsible for causing amebiasis and known to have humans as its only host.

A symptom-free form of amebiasis where the parasite is present in the body without causing noticeable illness.

A severe form of amebiasis characterized by rapid and intense inflammation of the colon, leading to potential complications.

A localized mass-like formation in the colon caused by Entamoeba histolytica infection.

A common complication of amebiasis characterized by a localized abscess in the liver.

Drugs that target and kill Entamoeba histolytica within the intestinal lumen.

Drugs that target and kill Entamoeba histolytica in various body tissues, including the liver, lungs, and brain.

A medication in the aminoquinoline drug class, often used for malaria, amebiasis, and some rheumatic diseases. It also shows potential against Zika virus.

Chloroquine inhibits the growth of parasites primarily by concentrating in acidic vesicles, thus increasing internal pH levels.

The process by which chloroquine is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated in the body. It has a high absorption rate (52-100%) and a moderate level of protein binding (46-47%).

Taking Chloroquine with metronidazole or disulfiram can lead to confusion and psychotic states.

A type of drug reaction characterized by adverse effects when combined with certain medications. These reactions can include confusion and psychosis.

A group of antibiotics including cefamandole, cefoperazone, cefotetan, and moxalactam. When combined with certain medications, they can lead to disulfiram-like reactions.

A sedative medication that, when combined with certain medications, can lead to disulfiram-like reactions.

A medication used to treat alcohol dependence, known for its disulfiram-like reaction when combined with certain medications.

A medication used to treat infections caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica.

A type of amebiasis affecting the colon, causing inflammation, ulcers, and diarrhea.

A parasitic infection caused by Giardia lamblia, affecting the small intestine.

A sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.

A group of bacteria that are unable to thrive in the presence of oxygen and often cause infections.

Bacteria that can survive in environments with low oxygen levels, but prefer higher oxygen levels.

Emetine is a medication used to treat parasitic infections. It disrupts protein synthesis in the cells of parasites, preventing their growth and replication.

Paromomycin is an antibiotic that prevents protein synthesis in the cells of bacteria, leading to their death.

Diloxanide furoate is a drug that treats amoebic infections. It disrupts the metabolic processes of parasites, leading to their death.

Chloroquine is a medication used to treat malaria. Chloroquine raises the pH (acidity) of parasitic cells, making them unable to effectively metabolize nutrients, leading to their death.

Reductive activation is a process where a drug is converted into its active form by gaining electrons. In the case of metronidazole, this process generates a toxic compound that damages the DNA of anaerobic bacteria.

The pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) is a key enzyme involved in anaerobic metabolism. Metronidazole disrupts the function of this enzyme, hindering the production of ATP, energy essential for anaerobic bacteria.

Anaerobic metabolism is a metabolic process that occurs without oxygen. In the case of bacteria, anaerobic metabolism is disrupted by metronidazole, leading to their death.

A medication that inhibits protein synthesis, a vital process for the parasitic organism, effectively targeting Entamoeba histolytica.

A quinoline derivative medication used to treat various amebic infections, including dysentery and enteritis, and also effective against Trichomonas vaginalis.

Iodoquinol exerts its effect by targeting the bacterial nucleus, disrupting its DNA structure, and ultimately preventing the parasite's ability to replicate.

A medication for the treatment of amebiasis, dysentery, enteritis, and infectious diarrhea, and is also effective against Trichomonas vaginalis. It acts on the bacterial nucleus to prevent the parasite from multiplying.

Drugs that target and kill Entamoeba histolytica within the intestinal lumen.

Diloxanide Furoate, Nitazoxamide, Quiniodochlor, Iodochlorhydroxyquin, Diiodohydroxyquin, Iodoquinol, Tetracycline, Paromomycin.

Tizoxanide is the active metabolite of diloxanide furoate.

Diloxanide furoate is rapidly hydrolyzed to Tizoxanide in the intestine. Tizoxanide is then conjugated to Tizoxanide Glucuronide.

Diloxanide Furoate has a half-life of 7 hours and is mainly excreted in the urine.

Diloxanide Furoate can cause adverse effects such as diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and a greenish tint to the urine.

Diloxanide Furoate is considered safe for use during pregnancy.

Luminal amebicides target the parasite in the intestinal lumen, while tissue amebicides target the parasite in other tissues.