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Questions and Answers
What is the latency phase of labor?
What is the latency phase of labor?
Onset of labor until cervical dilation reaches 4-6 cm
What is the most common method performed by babies beginning labor in LOP presentation?
What is the most common method performed by babies beginning labor in LOP presentation?
Which systems are involved in controlling FHR variability?
Which systems are involved in controlling FHR variability?
Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
When is the ideal time to administer pudendal anesthesia in multiparous women?
When is the ideal time to administer pudendal anesthesia in multiparous women?
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Sudden fetal bradycardia in the second stage is commonly caused by a vagal response related to descent.
Sudden fetal bradycardia in the second stage is commonly caused by a vagal response related to descent.
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What occurs when the widest diameter of the presenting part descends to or below the pelvic inlet?
What occurs when the widest diameter of the presenting part descends to or below the pelvic inlet?
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What are common findings in iron deficiency labs?
What are common findings in iron deficiency labs?
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How can leg cramps in pregnancy be relieved?
How can leg cramps in pregnancy be relieved?
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What changes occur in the respiratory system during pregnancy?
What changes occur in the respiratory system during pregnancy?
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What fetal anomalies are commonly associated with polyhydramnios?
What fetal anomalies are commonly associated with polyhydramnios?
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What does autosomal recessive traits mean?
What does autosomal recessive traits mean?
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What are the effects of maternal tobacco use on infants?
What are the effects of maternal tobacco use on infants?
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What are severe features of preeclampsia?
What are severe features of preeclampsia?
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Cardiac output is elevated for as long as 48 hours after birth.
Cardiac output is elevated for as long as 48 hours after birth.
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How are oxygen and glucose transported across the placenta?
How are oxygen and glucose transported across the placenta?
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What initiates amniotic fluid production?
What initiates amniotic fluid production?
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What is the treatment for trichomoniasis in pregnancy?
What is the treatment for trichomoniasis in pregnancy?
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What is the Ritgen maneuver used for?
What is the Ritgen maneuver used for?
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What are maternal breastfeeding contraindications?
What are maternal breastfeeding contraindications?
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What is acrocyanosis?
What is acrocyanosis?
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What is the characteristic of variable decelerations in FHR?
What is the characteristic of variable decelerations in FHR?
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What is the definition of Ezetimibe?
What is the definition of Ezetimibe?
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What are fibroid tumors of the uterus called?
What are fibroid tumors of the uterus called?
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What does a human zygote contain in terms of chromosomes?
What does a human zygote contain in terms of chromosomes?
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What is required for sexual dysfunction according to DSM-5 criteria?
What is required for sexual dysfunction according to DSM-5 criteria?
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What are risk factors for Endometrial Carcinoma?
What are risk factors for Endometrial Carcinoma?
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What is the outpatient treatment for community-acquired pneumonia?
What is the outpatient treatment for community-acquired pneumonia?
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What is a safety bundle?
What is a safety bundle?
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Which of the following describes mammary changes during pregnancy?
Which of the following describes mammary changes during pregnancy?
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What are the initial steps of neonatal resuscitation?
What are the initial steps of neonatal resuscitation?
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What are some differential diagnoses for first trimester bleeding?
What are some differential diagnoses for first trimester bleeding?
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What does the term multigravida refer to?
What does the term multigravida refer to?
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What is considered moderate variability in FHR?
What is considered moderate variability in FHR?
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What is Ospemifene used for?
What is Ospemifene used for?
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Study Notes
Latent Phase of Labor
- Marks the beginning of labor until cervical dilation reaches 4-6 cm.
Long Arc Rotation
- A maneuver most commonly initiated by babies in a Left Occiput Posterior (LOP) presentation during labor.
FHR Variability Control
- Influenced by the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
Pudendal Anesthesia Timing
- In multiparous women, administration is ideal at 8-9 cm dilation to cover delivery and any necessary repairs.
Sudden Fetal Bradycardia
- Often linked to a vagal response during fetal descent in the second stage of labor.
Engagement in Labor
- Occurs when the widest diameter of the presenting part descends to or below the pelvic inlet; specifically, the biparietal diameter of the fetal head.
Iron Deficiency Labs
- Indicators include microcytic, hypochromic anemia with low hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCHC, RBC count, iron, and ferritin, alongside high TIBC and RDW.
Relief for Leg Cramps in Pregnancy
- Flexing the foot can alleviate discomfort caused by leg cramps.
Respiratory System Changes in Pregnancy
- Increased chest diameter and thoracic circumference (up by 5-6 cm), with reduced residual volume.
Polyhydramnios Fetal Causes
- Can result from central nervous system or gastrointestinal tract anomalies in the fetus.
Autosomal Recessive Traits
- Manifest only when both gene copies are identical; examples include cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia.
Effects of Maternal Tobacco Use
- Associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm birth, and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants.
Severe Features of Preeclampsia
- Characterized by thrombocytopenia, renal insufficiency, impaired liver function, pulmonary edema, and neurological symptoms.
Hemodynamic Changes Postpartum
- Cardiac output can increase by 60-80% and remain elevated for up to 48 hours after childbirth.
Placental Transport Mechanisms
- Oxygen and glucose are transferred across the placenta via facilitated diffusion.
Amniotic Fluid Production Mechanisms
- Generated by the amniotic epithelium; during the second trimester, the fetus begins to swallow, urinate, and inspire amniotic fluid.
Trichomoniasis Treatment in Pregnancy
- Metronidazole (Flagyl) is prescribed as a single 2 g oral dose at any stage of pregnancy.
Ritgen Maneuver
- A technique to facilitate fetal head delivery by applying upward pressure from the coccygeal region during extension, protecting perineal musculature.
Contraindications for Breastfeeding
- Include being HIV positive (untreated), having active tuberculosis, ongoing illicit drug use, or taking prescribed chemotherapy medications.
Acrocyanosis in Newborns
- A bluish discoloration of the extremities due to reduced peripheral circulation, common and normal within the first 24-48 hours after birth.
Variable Decelerations Description
- Abrupt FHR decreases exceeding 15 BPM for over 15 seconds, indicating potential fetal distress.
Ezetimibe
- A drug used alongside moderate-intensity statins for dyslipidemia when patients can't tolerate high-intensity statins, working by inhibiting cholesterol absorption.
Types of Leiomyomata
- Include submucosal, subserosal, intraligamentous, interstitial (intramural), and pedunculated myomas, affecting the uterus in various ways.
Human Zygote Characteristics
- Contains 23 pairs of chromosomes (haploid number) or 46 total (diploid number) found in body cells.
Sexual Dysfunction DSM-5 Criteria
- Symptoms must occur at least 75% of the time over a minimum of six months and cause significant distress.
Risk Factors for Endometrial Carcinoma
- Include diabetes, obesity, hypertension, early menarche, late menopause, unopposed estrogen therapy, oligo-ovulation, anovulation, and estrogen-secreting tumors.
Community-acquired Pneumonia Treatment
- Outpatient treatment typically involves azithromycin, clarithromycin, or doxycycline; risk factors suggest respiratory fluoroquinolone use.
Safety Bundle Concept
- Comprises small, evidence-based practices that enhance patient outcomes when implemented collectively.
Mammary Changes During Pregnancy
- Include Montgomery tubercles enlargement, darkened areolas, enlarged breasts, and more visible blood vessels.
Initial Neonatal Resuscitation Steps
- Involve placing the infant under a radiant heater, clearing secretions, drying, and providing tactile stimulation while assessing vital signs.
Differential Diagnosis for First Trimester Bleeding
- Conditions include implantation bleeding, threatened abortion, ectopic pregnancy, cervicitis, cervical polyps, vaginitis, trauma, or disappearing twin.
Definition of Multigravida
- Refers to a person who has been pregnant two or more times, regardless of pregnancy outcomes.
Moderate FHR Variability
- Defined by an amplitude range of 6-25 BPM, indicating a stable fetal state.
Ospemifene
- A selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used for treating moderate to severe dyspareunia associated with vulvovaginal atrophy; may cause hot flashes as a side effect.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these AMCB practice question flashcards. Covering key terms and definitions related to childbirth and labor phases, this quiz is essential for those preparing for the AMCB certification. Enhance your understanding of labor processes and anesthesia in obstetric care.