AMCB Flashcards Review
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Questions and Answers

What is the latency phase of labor?

Onset of labor until cervical dilation reaches 4-6 cm

What is the most common method performed by babies beginning labor in LOP presentation?

  • Long arc rotation (correct)
  • Short arc rotation
  • Breech turn
  • Transverse rotation

    • Which systems are involved in controlling FHR variability?

    Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

    When is the ideal time to administer pudendal anesthesia in multiparous women?

    <p>At 8-9 cm dilation, just before complete dilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sudden fetal bradycardia in the second stage is commonly caused by a vagal response related to descent.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the widest diameter of the presenting part descends to or below the pelvic inlet?

    <p>Engagement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common findings in iron deficiency labs?

    <p>Microcytic, hypochromic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can leg cramps in pregnancy be relieved?

    <p>Flexion of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What changes occur in the respiratory system during pregnancy?

    <p>Increased chest diameter; thoracic circumference increases by 5-6 cm and residual volume decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fetal anomalies are commonly associated with polyhydramnios?

    <p>CNS or GI tract fetal anomalies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does autosomal recessive traits mean?

    <p>Expressed only when both copies of the gene are the same.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the effects of maternal tobacco use on infants?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are severe features of preeclampsia?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cardiac output is elevated for as long as 48 hours after birth.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are oxygen and glucose transported across the placenta?

    <p>Via facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates amniotic fluid production?

    <p>The amniotic epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for trichomoniasis in pregnancy?

    <p>Metronidazole (Flagyl) 2 g PO x1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Ritgen maneuver used for?

    <p>Assist in delivery of the fetal head during extension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are maternal breastfeeding contraindications?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is acrocyanosis?

    <p>Bluish discoloration of the hands and feet due to reduced peripheral circulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of variable decelerations in FHR?

    <p>Abrupt in nature and decrease in FHR from baseline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of Ezetimibe?

    <p>A cholesterol absorption inhibitor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are fibroid tumors of the uterus called?

    <p>Leiomyomata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a human zygote contain in terms of chromosomes?

    <p>The haploid number of chromosomes: 23 pairs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for sexual dysfunction according to DSM-5 criteria?

    <p>Sex-related symptoms occurring at least 75% of the time for at least 6 months causing significant distress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are risk factors for Endometrial Carcinoma?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outpatient treatment for community-acquired pneumonia?

    <p>Empiric antibiotics such as Azithromycin or Doxycycline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a safety bundle?

    <p>A small set of evidence-based practices that improve patient outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes mammary changes during pregnancy?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the initial steps of neonatal resuscitation?

    <p>Place infant under a radiant heater, clear secretions, dry the infant, provide tactile stimulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some differential diagnoses for first trimester bleeding?

    <p>Implantation bleeding, threatened abortion, ectopic pregnancy, cervicitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term multigravida refer to?

    <p>A person who has been pregnant two or more times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered moderate variability in FHR?

    <p>Amplitude range of 6-25 BPM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Ospemifene used for?

    <p>To treat moderate to severe dyspareunia related to vulvovaginal atrophy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Latent Phase of Labor

    • Marks the beginning of labor until cervical dilation reaches 4-6 cm.

    Long Arc Rotation

    • A maneuver most commonly initiated by babies in a Left Occiput Posterior (LOP) presentation during labor.

    FHR Variability Control

    • Influenced by the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

    Pudendal Anesthesia Timing

    • In multiparous women, administration is ideal at 8-9 cm dilation to cover delivery and any necessary repairs.

    Sudden Fetal Bradycardia

    • Often linked to a vagal response during fetal descent in the second stage of labor.

    Engagement in Labor

    • Occurs when the widest diameter of the presenting part descends to or below the pelvic inlet; specifically, the biparietal diameter of the fetal head.

    Iron Deficiency Labs

    • Indicators include microcytic, hypochromic anemia with low hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCHC, RBC count, iron, and ferritin, alongside high TIBC and RDW.

    Relief for Leg Cramps in Pregnancy

    • Flexing the foot can alleviate discomfort caused by leg cramps.

    Respiratory System Changes in Pregnancy

    • Increased chest diameter and thoracic circumference (up by 5-6 cm), with reduced residual volume.

    Polyhydramnios Fetal Causes

    • Can result from central nervous system or gastrointestinal tract anomalies in the fetus.

    Autosomal Recessive Traits

    • Manifest only when both gene copies are identical; examples include cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia.

    Effects of Maternal Tobacco Use

    • Associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm birth, and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants.

    Severe Features of Preeclampsia

    • Characterized by thrombocytopenia, renal insufficiency, impaired liver function, pulmonary edema, and neurological symptoms.

    Hemodynamic Changes Postpartum

    • Cardiac output can increase by 60-80% and remain elevated for up to 48 hours after childbirth.

    Placental Transport Mechanisms

    • Oxygen and glucose are transferred across the placenta via facilitated diffusion.

    Amniotic Fluid Production Mechanisms

    • Generated by the amniotic epithelium; during the second trimester, the fetus begins to swallow, urinate, and inspire amniotic fluid.

    Trichomoniasis Treatment in Pregnancy

    • Metronidazole (Flagyl) is prescribed as a single 2 g oral dose at any stage of pregnancy.

    Ritgen Maneuver

    • A technique to facilitate fetal head delivery by applying upward pressure from the coccygeal region during extension, protecting perineal musculature.

    Contraindications for Breastfeeding

    • Include being HIV positive (untreated), having active tuberculosis, ongoing illicit drug use, or taking prescribed chemotherapy medications.

    Acrocyanosis in Newborns

    • A bluish discoloration of the extremities due to reduced peripheral circulation, common and normal within the first 24-48 hours after birth.

    Variable Decelerations Description

    • Abrupt FHR decreases exceeding 15 BPM for over 15 seconds, indicating potential fetal distress.

    Ezetimibe

    • A drug used alongside moderate-intensity statins for dyslipidemia when patients can't tolerate high-intensity statins, working by inhibiting cholesterol absorption.

    Types of Leiomyomata

    • Include submucosal, subserosal, intraligamentous, interstitial (intramural), and pedunculated myomas, affecting the uterus in various ways.

    Human Zygote Characteristics

    • Contains 23 pairs of chromosomes (haploid number) or 46 total (diploid number) found in body cells.

    Sexual Dysfunction DSM-5 Criteria

    • Symptoms must occur at least 75% of the time over a minimum of six months and cause significant distress.

    Risk Factors for Endometrial Carcinoma

    • Include diabetes, obesity, hypertension, early menarche, late menopause, unopposed estrogen therapy, oligo-ovulation, anovulation, and estrogen-secreting tumors.

    Community-acquired Pneumonia Treatment

    • Outpatient treatment typically involves azithromycin, clarithromycin, or doxycycline; risk factors suggest respiratory fluoroquinolone use.

    Safety Bundle Concept

    • Comprises small, evidence-based practices that enhance patient outcomes when implemented collectively.

    Mammary Changes During Pregnancy

    • Include Montgomery tubercles enlargement, darkened areolas, enlarged breasts, and more visible blood vessels.

    Initial Neonatal Resuscitation Steps

    • Involve placing the infant under a radiant heater, clearing secretions, drying, and providing tactile stimulation while assessing vital signs.

    Differential Diagnosis for First Trimester Bleeding

    • Conditions include implantation bleeding, threatened abortion, ectopic pregnancy, cervicitis, cervical polyps, vaginitis, trauma, or disappearing twin.

    Definition of Multigravida

    • Refers to a person who has been pregnant two or more times, regardless of pregnancy outcomes.

    Moderate FHR Variability

    • Defined by an amplitude range of 6-25 BPM, indicating a stable fetal state.

    Ospemifene

    • A selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used for treating moderate to severe dyspareunia associated with vulvovaginal atrophy; may cause hot flashes as a side effect.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge with these AMCB practice question flashcards. Covering key terms and definitions related to childbirth and labor phases, this quiz is essential for those preparing for the AMCB certification. Enhance your understanding of labor processes and anesthesia in obstetric care.

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