AMCB Flashcards Review

Questions and Answers

What is the latency phase of labor?

Onset of labor until cervical dilation reaches 4-6 cm

What is the most common method performed by babies beginning labor in LOP presentation?

Long arc rotation (correct)

Short arc rotation

Breech turn

Transverse rotation

Which systems are involved in controlling FHR variability?

Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

When is the ideal time to administer pudendal anesthesia in multiparous women?

At 8-9 cm dilation, just before complete dilation Signup and view all the answers

Sudden fetal bradycardia in the second stage is commonly caused by a vagal response related to descent.

True Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the widest diameter of the presenting part descends to or below the pelvic inlet?

Engagement Signup and view all the answers

What are common findings in iron deficiency labs?

Microcytic, hypochromic Signup and view all the answers

How can leg cramps in pregnancy be relieved?

Flexion of the foot Signup and view all the answers

What changes occur in the respiratory system during pregnancy?

Increased chest diameter; thoracic circumference increases by 5-6 cm and residual volume decreases. Signup and view all the answers

What fetal anomalies are commonly associated with polyhydramnios?

CNS or GI tract fetal anomalies Signup and view all the answers

What does autosomal recessive traits mean?

Expressed only when both copies of the gene are the same. Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of maternal tobacco use on infants?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What are severe features of preeclampsia?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac output is elevated for as long as 48 hours after birth.

True Signup and view all the answers

How are oxygen and glucose transported across the placenta?

Via facilitated diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What initiates amniotic fluid production?

The amniotic epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for trichomoniasis in pregnancy?

Metronidazole (Flagyl) 2 g PO x1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the Ritgen maneuver used for?

Assist in delivery of the fetal head during extension. Signup and view all the answers

What are maternal breastfeeding contraindications?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is acrocyanosis?

Bluish discoloration of the hands and feet due to reduced peripheral circulation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of variable decelerations in FHR?

Abrupt in nature and decrease in FHR from baseline. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Ezetimibe?

A cholesterol absorption inhibitor Signup and view all the answers

What are fibroid tumors of the uterus called?

Leiomyomata Signup and view all the answers

What does a human zygote contain in terms of chromosomes?

The haploid number of chromosomes: 23 pairs. Signup and view all the answers

What is required for sexual dysfunction according to DSM-5 criteria?

Sex-related symptoms occurring at least 75% of the time for at least 6 months causing significant distress. Signup and view all the answers

What are risk factors for Endometrial Carcinoma?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the outpatient treatment for community-acquired pneumonia?

Empiric antibiotics such as Azithromycin or Doxycycline. Signup and view all the answers

What is a safety bundle?

A small set of evidence-based practices that improve patient outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes mammary changes during pregnancy?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What are the initial steps of neonatal resuscitation?

Place infant under a radiant heater, clear secretions, dry the infant, provide tactile stimulation. Signup and view all the answers

What are some differential diagnoses for first trimester bleeding?

Implantation bleeding, threatened abortion, ectopic pregnancy, cervicitis. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term multigravida refer to?

A person who has been pregnant two or more times. Signup and view all the answers

What is considered moderate variability in FHR?

Amplitude range of 6-25 BPM. Signup and view all the answers

What is Ospemifene used for?

To treat moderate to severe dyspareunia related to vulvovaginal atrophy. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Latent Phase of Labor

Marks the beginning of labor until cervical dilation reaches 4-6 cm.

Long Arc Rotation

A maneuver most commonly initiated by babies in a Left Occiput Posterior (LOP) presentation during labor.

FHR Variability Control

Influenced by the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

Pudendal Anesthesia Timing

In multiparous women, administration is ideal at 8-9 cm dilation to cover delivery and any necessary repairs.

Sudden Fetal Bradycardia

Often linked to a vagal response during fetal descent in the second stage of labor.

Engagement in Labor

Occurs when the widest diameter of the presenting part descends to or below the pelvic inlet; specifically, the biparietal diameter of the fetal head.

Iron Deficiency Labs

Indicators include microcytic, hypochromic anemia with low hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCHC, RBC count, iron, and ferritin, alongside high TIBC and RDW.

Relief for Leg Cramps in Pregnancy

Flexing the foot can alleviate discomfort caused by leg cramps.

Respiratory System Changes in Pregnancy

Increased chest diameter and thoracic circumference (up by 5-6 cm), with reduced residual volume.

Polyhydramnios Fetal Causes

Can result from central nervous system or gastrointestinal tract anomalies in the fetus.

Autosomal Recessive Traits

Manifest only when both gene copies are identical; examples include cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia.

Effects of Maternal Tobacco Use

Associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm birth, and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants.

Severe Features of Preeclampsia

Characterized by thrombocytopenia, renal insufficiency, impaired liver function, pulmonary edema, and neurological symptoms.

Hemodynamic Changes Postpartum

Cardiac output can increase by 60-80% and remain elevated for up to 48 hours after childbirth.

Placental Transport Mechanisms

Oxygen and glucose are transferred across the placenta via facilitated diffusion.

Amniotic Fluid Production Mechanisms

Generated by the amniotic epithelium; during the second trimester, the fetus begins to swallow, urinate, and inspire amniotic fluid.

Trichomoniasis Treatment in Pregnancy

Metronidazole (Flagyl) is prescribed as a single 2 g oral dose at any stage of pregnancy.

Ritgen Maneuver

A technique to facilitate fetal head delivery by applying upward pressure from the coccygeal region during extension, protecting perineal musculature.

Contraindications for Breastfeeding

Include being HIV positive (untreated), having active tuberculosis, ongoing illicit drug use, or taking prescribed chemotherapy medications.

Acrocyanosis in Newborns

A bluish discoloration of the extremities due to reduced peripheral circulation, common and normal within the first 24-48 hours after birth.

Variable Decelerations Description

Abrupt FHR decreases exceeding 15 BPM for over 15 seconds, indicating potential fetal distress.

Ezetimibe

A drug used alongside moderate-intensity statins for dyslipidemia when patients can't tolerate high-intensity statins, working by inhibiting cholesterol absorption.

Types of Leiomyomata

Include submucosal, subserosal, intraligamentous, interstitial (intramural), and pedunculated myomas, affecting the uterus in various ways.

Human Zygote Characteristics

Contains 23 pairs of chromosomes (haploid number) or 46 total (diploid number) found in body cells.

Sexual Dysfunction DSM-5 Criteria

Symptoms must occur at least 75% of the time over a minimum of six months and cause significant distress.

Risk Factors for Endometrial Carcinoma

Include diabetes, obesity, hypertension, early menarche, late menopause, unopposed estrogen therapy, oligo-ovulation, anovulation, and estrogen-secreting tumors.

Community-acquired Pneumonia Treatment

Outpatient treatment typically involves azithromycin, clarithromycin, or doxycycline; risk factors suggest respiratory fluoroquinolone use.

Safety Bundle Concept

Comprises small, evidence-based practices that enhance patient outcomes when implemented collectively.

Mammary Changes During Pregnancy

Include Montgomery tubercles enlargement, darkened areolas, enlarged breasts, and more visible blood vessels.

Initial Neonatal Resuscitation Steps

Involve placing the infant under a radiant heater, clearing secretions, drying, and providing tactile stimulation while assessing vital signs.

Differential Diagnosis for First Trimester Bleeding

Conditions include implantation bleeding, threatened abortion, ectopic pregnancy, cervicitis, cervical polyps, vaginitis, trauma, or disappearing twin.

Definition of Multigravida

Refers to a person who has been pregnant two or more times, regardless of pregnancy outcomes.

Moderate FHR Variability

Defined by an amplitude range of 6-25 BPM, indicating a stable fetal state.

Ospemifene

A selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used for treating moderate to severe dyspareunia associated with vulvovaginal atrophy; may cause hot flashes as a side effect.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these AMCB practice question flashcards. Covering key terms and definitions related to childbirth and labor phases, this quiz is essential for those preparing for the AMCB certification. Enhance your understanding of labor processes and anesthesia in obstetric care.