18 Questions
What is the primary motor sign of Parkinson's disease?
Tremor of the hands, arms, legs, jaw, and face
What is a non-motor sign of Parkinson's disease?
Constipation
What is the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease?
Lewy bodies in neurons
Which brain region is primarily affected by the death of dopamine-generating cells in Parkinson's disease?
Substantia nigra
What is the role of alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease?
Forms Lewy bodies in neurons
How do the Lewy bodies' distribution correlate with Parkinsonian symptoms?
Directly related; varies between individuals
What is the primary causative agent according to the majority of researchers?
Beta-amyloid fragments
Which gene mutations can cause early onset Alzheimer's disease?
Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) and PSEN2 mutations
What structure collapses due to tau changes in Alzheimer's disease?
Microtubules
What is the role of beta-secretase in Alzheimer's disease development?
Creating amyloid plaques
Which protein helps stabilize microtubules in neurons?
Tau
What is the main hypothesis that links amyloid-β accumulation to Alzheimer's disease?
Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis
What is the most common form of dementia prevalent in the elderly?
Alzheimer's Disease
Which neurotransmitter is proposed by the cholinergic hypothesis to have reduced synthesis in Alzheimer's Disease?
Acetylcholine
What results from the overproduction and reduced clearance of Beta amyloid in Alzheimer's Disease?
Formation of insoluble aggregates in the brain
Which protein is derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) and is implicated in Alzheimer's Disease?
Beta amyloid (Aβ)
What role does acetylcholine play in learning and memory?
Facilitates learning and memory processes
What leads to memory impairments according to the cholinergic hypothesis?
Reduced acetylcholine synthesis
Learn about the role of beta-amyloid fragments in forming plaques and the amyloid cascade hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease. Explore the genes associated with early-onset AD and how the hypothesis has evolved over time.
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