Alzheimer's Disease and Beta-Amyloid Plaques
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary motor sign of Parkinson's disease?

  • Sleep problems
  • Cognitive decline
  • Olfactory dysfunction
  • Tremor of the hands, arms, legs, jaw, and face (correct)

What is a non-motor sign of Parkinson's disease?

  • Stiffness of the limbs and trunk
  • Bradykinesia or slowness of movement
  • Constipation (correct)
  • Impaired balance and coordination

What is the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease?

  • Alpha-synuclein aggregation
  • Formation and activity of dopamine
  • Olfactory dysfunction
  • Lewy bodies in neurons (correct)

Which brain region is primarily affected by the death of dopamine-generating cells in Parkinson's disease?

<p>Substantia nigra (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease?

<p>Forms Lewy bodies in neurons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the Lewy bodies' distribution correlate with Parkinsonian symptoms?

<p>Directly related; varies between individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary causative agent according to the majority of researchers?

<p>Beta-amyloid fragments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gene mutations can cause early onset Alzheimer's disease?

<p>Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) and PSEN2 mutations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure collapses due to tau changes in Alzheimer's disease?

<p>Microtubules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of beta-secretase in Alzheimer's disease development?

<p>Creating amyloid plaques (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein helps stabilize microtubules in neurons?

<p>Tau (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main hypothesis that links amyloid-β accumulation to Alzheimer's disease?

<p>Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common form of dementia prevalent in the elderly?

<p>Alzheimer's Disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is proposed by the cholinergic hypothesis to have reduced synthesis in Alzheimer's Disease?

<p>Acetylcholine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What results from the overproduction and reduced clearance of Beta amyloid in Alzheimer's Disease?

<p>Formation of insoluble aggregates in the brain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) and is implicated in Alzheimer's Disease?

<p>Beta amyloid (Aβ) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does acetylcholine play in learning and memory?

<p>Facilitates learning and memory processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What leads to memory impairments according to the cholinergic hypothesis?

<p>Reduced acetylcholine synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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