Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary concern regarding Gastric Distension in the context of positive pressure ventilation?
What is the primary concern regarding Gastric Distension in the context of positive pressure ventilation?
- It can lead to a decrease in heart rate.
- It can lead to increased blood pressure.
- It can cause difficulty in breathing.
- It can potentially cause vomiting. (correct)
What is the medical term for bluish discoloration of the skin, commonly associated with low oxygen levels?
What is the medical term for bluish discoloration of the skin, commonly associated with low oxygen levels?
- Apnea
- Cyanosis (correct)
- Dyspnea
- Perfusion
What is the recommended ventilation rate for an adult with inadequate breathing?
What is the recommended ventilation rate for an adult with inadequate breathing?
- 20-25 breaths per minute
- 5-7 breaths per minute
- 10-12 breaths per minute (correct)
- 15-18 breaths per minute
What is the term used to describe the volume of air moved in or out of the lungs with each breath?
What is the term used to describe the volume of air moved in or out of the lungs with each breath?
Which of the following is a crucial consideration when managing a patient with suspected cervical spine injury?
Which of the following is a crucial consideration when managing a patient with suspected cervical spine injury?
What is the primary function of a humidifier when administering oxygen?
What is the primary function of a humidifier when administering oxygen?
What is the typical role of dentures in an apneic patient?
What is the typical role of dentures in an apneic patient?
Which of the following is NOT a sign of inadequate breathing?
Which of the following is NOT a sign of inadequate breathing?
What is the primary function of a nonrebreather mask (NRB)?
What is the primary function of a nonrebreather mask (NRB)?
Which of the following is the most accurate definition of tidal volume?
Which of the following is the most accurate definition of tidal volume?
Which of the following is a common complication of hyperventilation?
Which of the following is a common complication of hyperventilation?
What is the primary difference between CPAP and a bag-valve-mask (BVM)?
What is the primary difference between CPAP and a bag-valve-mask (BVM)?
What is the main purpose of a flowmeter when administering oxygen?
What is the main purpose of a flowmeter when administering oxygen?
Flashcards
Gastric Distension
Gastric Distension
When air is forced into the stomach instead of the lungs during positive pressure ventilation, causing complications like vomiting.
Hypoxia
Hypoxia
Low oxygen levels in the blood, often apparent with symptoms like cyanosis.
Cervical Spine Injury
Cervical Spine Injury
Injuries that require careful stabilization during intubation to prevent further damage.
Tidal Volume
Tidal Volume
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Ventilation Rate
Ventilation Rate
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Alveolar Ventilation
Alveolar Ventilation
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Minute Volume
Minute Volume
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Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM)
Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM)
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Nonrebreather Mask (NRB)
Nonrebreather Mask (NRB)
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CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)
CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)
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Hyperventilation
Hyperventilation
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Signs of Inadequate Breathing
Signs of Inadequate Breathing
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Study Notes
Alveolar Ventilation
- Alveolar ventilation is the gas exchange process in alveoli, where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide exits.
- Key term: Tidal volume – the amount of air inhaled and exhaled per breath.
- Key term: Perfusion – blood flow to alveolar capillaries for gas exchange.
Breathing and Ventilation
- Inhalation is an active process caused by diaphragm and intercostal muscle contraction.
- Exhalation is usually passive, due to muscle relaxation.
- Minute volume is calculated by multiplying tidal volume and respiratory rate, representing the total air moved in and out of lungs per minute.
Oxygen Delivery
- Oxygen cylinders deliver oxygen from high pressure to lower pressure using regulators.
- Flowmeters regulate oxygen flow (low-pressure, constant flow).
- Humidifiers add moisture to oxygen to prevent airway irritation.
Ventilation Devices
- Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM) assists ventilation for patients with inadequate breathing; typically used by two rescuers.
- Nonrebreather Mask (NRB) delivers high oxygen concentrations. Inflate before use.
- Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) maintains airway pressure in patients with conditions like sleep apnea or respiratory distress.
Patient Care
- Dentures should remain in place if positioned properly and not obstructing the airway in apneic patients.
- Signs of inadequate breathing include abnormal breath sounds and cyanosis (blue/gray skin).
Complications
- Hyperventilation: Overly rapid breathing, resulting in decreased carbon dioxide levels.
- Gastric Distension: Air is forced into the stomach instead of the lung during positive pressure ventilation, a possible complication.
- Hypoxia: Low blood oxygen levels, often manifesting as cyanosis.
Special Considerations
- Cervical spine injury: During intubation, manual in-line stabilization might be needed to prevent further injury.
- Ventilation rate adjustments: Adjust ventilation rate for inadequate breathing (e.g., 10-12 breaths/minute for adults).
Key Terms
- Apnea: Lack of breathing.
- Dyspnea: Difficulty breathing.
- Cyanosis: Bluish skin due to low blood oxygen.
- Tidal Volume: Air volume per breath.
- Perfusion: Blood flow to tissues.
- Minute Volume: Total air inhaled and exhaled per minute.
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