التواصل مع أصحاب المصلحة والتكنولوجيا

Stakeholder Communication & Technology

• Stakeholders are individuals with an interest in a business.
• Modern technology provides various communication methods: websites, social media, email, voice communication.
• Technology improves accessibility and inclusivity for stakeholders.
• Interface design, font type/size, and color impact accessibility.
• Accessibility features (screen readers, alt-text, adjustable fonts/speech) enhance inclusivity.

Technology & Accessibility in the Workplace

• Technology improves accessibility for those with mobility impairments, offering flexible work hours and locations.
• Increased technology infrastructure improves speed and flexibility, but implementation and training are costly.
• 24/7 availability aids flexible work hours, global sales, but also raises costs and reputation risks from service loss.
• Distributed data poses security threats, requiring expensive protection.
• Technology enhances employee collaboration, saving time and boosting efficiency, but increases security concerns.
• Technology promotes inclusivity, aiding multiculturalism and compliance.
• Remote work (more common) saves office costs and aids accessibility, but can negatively impact relationship building and lead to ineffective time management.

Flexible Working & Technology

• Technology allows for flexible work schedules that integrate with personal lives; support for those with disabilities, and savings on commuting.
• Self-discipline is crucial for flexible work models.
• Working from individual devices increases productivity but raises security concerns and work-life balance issues.
• Technology can improve mental well-being by enabling remote work, flexible schedules, and reduced commute times but can negatively affect well-being through isolation, increased anxiety, disrupted sleep, and social media comparisons.
• Collaboration tools facilitate work across distances and countries.

Communication & Collaboration Tools

• Communication tools enhance collaboration, ensuring tasks are known and relationships are built.
• This speeds up, enhances flexibility and improves record-keeping and access.
• Scheduling and planning tools ensure efficient use of time, monitoring progress and solving problems.
• Many collaboration tools are online and support remote working, boosting business global reach.

Cloud Computing

• Cloud computing encompasses storage and software on external servers accessed via the internet.
• Common features include access rights, synchronization, availability, and scalability.
• Cloud computing promotes cost-effectiveness, ease of implementation, reduced maintenance.
• Factors to consider in choosing a cloud provider include: features, paid/free options, design, and supported devices.
• Cloud and traditional systems can be integrated effectively (device synchronization, online/offline capabilities, notifications).

Networks & Security

• Open networks are vulnerable to interception because they are unencrypted.
• Ad-hoc networks have limited speed, range, and susceptibility to interference.
• Network availability is affected by location, infrastructure, mobile network coverage, and blackspots.
• Disaster recovery policies define responsibilities, backup processes, timelines, and alternative locations following a disaster.
• Post-attack actions include investigate, respond, manage, recover, and analyze.

Security Policies & Procedures

• Security policies ensure legal compliance.
• Security parameters protect data and include password policies, acceptable software policies, acceptable use policies, and device hardening parameters.
• Data backups in remote locations are essential for data recovery.
• Encryption is the encoding of data with a key.
• Ethical hacking involves gaining access ethically/legally.
• Penetration testing identifies system vulnerabilities.
• System data analysis observes system data and user actions to identify security issues.

Cyberattacks & Threats

• IT systems face cyberattacks driven by various motivations (e.g., fun, espionage, financial gain, disruption, data theft).
• Cyberattacks lead to data loss, damage to reputation, financial loss, productivity reduction, downtime, and potential legal action.
• Physical security measures (locks, surveillance) prevent external threats.

Access Control & Authentication

• System users can be grouped with varying access levels.
• Passwords verify user identity.
• Biometrics verify user identity through physical characteristics (retina scans, fingerprints, voice).
• Two-factor authentication provides an extra method of verification.
• Phishing tricks users into clicking links or downloading files.
• Shoulder surfing involves physically observing individuals.
• Malware is malicious software.
• Hacking is unauthorized system access. Denial of service attacks overwhelm systems.
• Pharming redirects users to fraudulent websites.
• Man-in-the-middle attacks intercept communications.

Data Security & Compliance

• Employees who have access to sensitive data can steal, delete, or leak data.
• Security software settings (firewalls, antivirus) can be manipulated to allow unauthorized access.
• Data disclosure to external parties can occur unintentionally.

Network Security Measures

• Portable storage devices can inadvertently introduce malware.
• Employees may download malicious files from emails or websites.
• Visiting dubious websites can expose the organization's network to threats.
• Firewalls monitor network traffic and block suspicious packets.
• Hardware and software firewalls protect networks.
• Anti-Virus software scans for and removes viruses.

Data Protection Principles and Regulations

• Eight data protection principles protect against misuse of data.
• The ICO enforces these principles.
• Fines are imposed for violations (€20m or 4% of annual turnover).

Intellectual Property & Computer Misuse

• Intellectual property rights protect original ideas and products from copying.
• There are three types of IP: patents, copyrights, and trademarks.
• Licencing allows the use of intellectual property.
• The Computer Misuse Act criminalises unauthorized computer access and modification, malware creation.
• Acceptable use policies define permissible actions on IT systems and networks.

Workplace Practices & The Future of Work

• The line between personal time and work time has blurred.
• Social media use by businesses leads to potential demands for availability outside work hours.
• Remote work, casual employment, and expectations of availability from various locations contribute to work-based stress and anxiety.

Equality & Inclusion in the Workplace

• Promoting equal access is essential, impacting individuals, businesses, and society.
• The Equality Act 2010 prohibits discrimination based on protected characteristics.
• Professional guidelines promote compliance with access laws.
• Net neutrality ensures equal access to the web.

Data Usage & Sharing

• Location data is used for tailored ads and services.
• Transactional data adjusts working times, stock, or business plans.
• Cookies permit data transfer between sessions.
• Shared data enhances decision-making, service utility, advertising, and saves on collection efforts.
• Shared data brings legal, ethical, and privacy concerns.

Environmental Impact of IT

• Manufacturing uses raw materials and energy, producing pollution.
• Device usage necessitates electricity, impacting the environment.
• Device disposal contributes to landfill waste.
• Upgrading reduces waste, but replacing equipment is faster and may meet environmental standards.