Altered Respiratory Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which condition is primarily characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to difficulty in breathing, particularly during exhalation?

  • Asthma (correct)
  • Tuberculosis
  • COPD
  • Emphysema

    • What is the primary mechanism of action for antihistamines in treating allergic reactions?

  • Enhancing nasal congestion
  • Inhibiting the release of histamines (correct)
  • Decreasing mucus production
  • Vasodilation of blood vessels

    • What adverse effect should patients be most aware of when taking a decongestant like pseudoephedrine?

  • Increased heart rate (correct)
  • Blackouts
  • Nausea
  • Weight gain

    • Which medication would provide no relief for nasal congestion despite alleviating other symptoms?

    <p>Desloratadine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which respiratory condition is primarily caused by bacterial infection and presents with symptoms like coughing and fever?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common complication arises from untreated chronic lower respiratory diseases such as COPD and Emphysema?

    <p>Pulmonary hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the basic action of respiratory medications is correct?

    <p>Bronchodilators relax bronchial muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in terms of airflow?

    <p>Progressive and irreversible airflow limitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes an active humidifier?

    <p>It actively heats and distributes water vapor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of humidity can an active humidifier provide?

    <p>100% body humidity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of a humidifier?

    <p>Requires direct sunlight to operate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what environment would an active humidifier be most effective?

    <p>In an enclosed, heated space needing additional moisture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'capable' imply about an active humidifier?

    <p>It has the potential to deliver high humidity levels effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of using a humidifier that provides 100% body humidity?

    <p>It supports skin health by preventing dryness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical distinguishing factor in the clinical manifestations of bacterial vs viral pharyngitis?

    <p>Cervical lymph node enlargement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is NOT typically used for bacterial pharyngitis treatment?

    <p>Acetaminophen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a main characteristic of asthma as a chronic inflammatory disorder?

    <p>Persistent but variable airway inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about obstructive pulmonary disease is accurate?

    <p>Cigarette smoking is the primary cause of COPD.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of sinusitis treatment, what is a recommended duration for using topical decongestants?

    <p>4 to 5 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is likely NOT associated with bacterial pharyngitis?

    <p>Cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication is commonly associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

    <p>Cor pulmonale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is considered a common episode of asthma?

    <p>Occasional wheezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical intervention is crucial for managing bacterial pharyngitis?

    <p>Continued antibiotic therapy until symptoms resolve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is characteristic of chronic bronchitis?

    <p>Frequent coughing with sputum production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of nasal steroids in managing nasal issues?

    <p>To inhibit the inflammatory response and facilitate sinus drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nasal steroid is highlighted for its importance in patient adherence to achieve effectiveness?

    <p>Nasonex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect associated with the administration of nasal steroids?

    <p>Mild irritation such as nosebleeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about rebound nasal congestion is true?

    <p>It can occur after stopping the use of nasal steroids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of patient education on the use of nasal steroids?

    <p>It is crucial to ensure effective and consistent use of the medications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is not classified as a nasal steroid in the provided content?

    <p>Benadryl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common symptom associated with chronic cor pulmonale?

    <p>Dyspnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is TRUE about oxygen therapy for COPD patients?

    <p>It has been linked to improved survival rates in COPD patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What flow rate is typical for a low flow nasal cannula in COPD management?

    <p>1 L/min to 6 L/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which duration is a partial and non-rebreather mask used for therapy?

    <p>Up to 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required O2 flow rate to effectively keep the reservoir bag inflated in a partial rebreather mask?

    <p>10-15 L/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one important nursing intervention to assess when using a nasal cannula?

    <p>Monitoring for skin breakdown around the nose and ears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what flow rate is humidification of inspired air necessary when using supplemental oxygen?

    <p>When flow rates exceed 5 L/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a simple face mask?

    <p>It should fit snugly to cover both the nose and mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can occur due to improper use of a high concentration O2 delivery system?

    <p>CO2 buildup and rebreathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical manifestation of advanced cor pulmonale?

    <p>Distended neck veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Respiratory Conditions Overview

    • Conditions include COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), Asthma, Emphysema, Tuberculosis, Pneumonia, Sinusitis, and Upper Respiratory Infections (URI).

    Anatomy and Physiology

    • Comprises upper and lower respiratory airways, each with specific structures and functions crucial for effective gas exchange.

    Upper Respiratory Airway

    • Includes nasal passages, pharynx, and larynx.
    • Key for filtering, humidifying, and warming inhaled air.

    Lower Respiratory Airway

    • Comprises trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
    • Essential for conduction of air to the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.

    Etiology (Causes)

    • Various factors including environmental, genetic, infectious agents, and allergens leading to respiratory diseases.

    Medications for Respiratory Conditions

    • Antihistamines alleviate nasal secretions and itching but do not relieve congestion. Examples: Desloratadine (Clarinex), Cetirizine (Zyrtec), Fexofenadine (Allegra).
    • Decongestants (e.g., Pseudoephedrine) promote vasoconstriction but can raise blood pressure and heart rate. Risk of rebound congestion with overuse.
    • Nasal Steroids reduce inflammation and facilitate drainage. Common ones include Nasacort, Nasonex, Beconase, and Flonase. Important for regular use.

    Acute Viral Rhinitis - Common Cold

    • Symptoms include sneezing, coughing, body aches. Secondary infections may require antibiotics.

    Influenza

    • Symptoms include fever, muscle aches, and fatigue.
    • Vaccination recommended yearly.

    Sinusitis

    • Involves inflammation of the sinus cavities; symptoms include congestion, headache, and facial pain.
    • Topical decongestants should not be used longer than 4-5 days to avoid rebound congestion.

    Pharyngitis

    • Bacterial vs. Viral Differentiation:
      • Bacterial: Fever, swollen lymph nodes, tonsillar/pharyngeal exudate, absence of cough.
      • Viral: Red/swollen pharynx, pink nasal mucosa, palpable lymph nodes.

    Lower Respiratory Problems

    • Encompass a range of conditions affecting the lungs and airways.

    Tuberculosis

    • Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis affecting lungs primarily.

    Asthma

    • Characterized by chronic inflammation and airway obstruction due to bronchospasms; triggers include allergens and irritants. Symptoms include wheezing, breathlessness, and chest tightness.

    COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

    • Primarily caused by cigarette smoking.
    • Characterized by obstructed airflow, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema.

    Chronic Bronchitis

    • Involves chronic cough and excessive mucus production over time.

    Emphysema

    • Results in destruction of alveoli leading to reduced elastic recoil and airflow.

    COPD Complications

    • Polycythemia Vera: Increased hemoglobin due to chronic hypoxia.
    • Cor Pulmonale: Right-sided heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension; symptoms include dyspnea and edema.

    Oxygen Therapy

    • Critical in managing COPD and hypoxemia.
    • Various delivery systems include:
      • Nasal Cannula: Low flow, comfortable for patients, can deliver 1-6 L/min.
      • Simple Face Mask: Serves short-term needs, delivers 6-12 L/min, must fit snugly.
      • Partial Non-Rebreather Mask: Used for higher oxygen concentrations (10-15 L/min).
    • Monitoring is essential to prevent skin breakdown around devices.

    Patient Education and Safety

    • Emphasis on adherence to medications and understanding situations that may exacerbate respiratory issues. Awareness of signs indicating the need for medical intervention is crucial.

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    Altered Respiratory Function-2-2.docx

    Description

    Test your knowledge on various respiratory conditions such as COPD, asthma, and pneumonia. This quiz covers anatomy and physiology related to the upper and lower respiratory airways, as well as the etiology of respiratory diseases. It's perfect for students of health sciences looking to reinforce their understanding of altered respiratory functions.

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