Understanding how to Alter Pharmacokinetics in High Risk Patients

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Which of the following factors is related to drug absorption?

Greater absorption for highly ionized drugs

Greater absorption for lipid soluble drugs (correct)

Greater absorption for water soluble drugs

Greater absorption for large molecular size

What is the effect of molecular size on drug absorption?

No effect of molecular size on absorption

Decreased absorption for molecular size > 1000

High absorption for molecular size > 1000

Low absorption for molecular size > 1000 (correct)

How does particle size affect drug absorption?

Absorption decreases for small particle size

Absorption increases for large particle size

No effect of particle size on absorption

Absorption increases for small particle size (correct)

What is the effect of ionization on drug absorption?

Absorption decreases for high degree of ionization Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs have low absorption due to molecular size?

Molecular size > 1000 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs have greater absorption due to lipid solubility?

Lipid soluble drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects drug absorption in the body the most?

Surface area of absorptive surface Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs have high distribution in the body?

Lipid soluble drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects drug metabolism clearance the most?

Quality of drug metabolising enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs have low clearance in the body?

Lipid soluble drugs Signup and view all the answers

What factor affects drug excretion clearance the most?

Quantity of drug transporters Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs have high clearance in the body?

Water soluble drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects drug distribution in the body the most?

Body fat content Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor that can lead to variable bioavailability in neonates and pediatric patients?

Altered gastric emptying Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the differences in distribution between neonates and adults?

Neonates have greater water content and decreased plasma protein binding Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor that can contribute to reduced bioavailability in geriatric patients?

Reduced absorption due to delayed disintegration of tablets Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the changes in metabolism commonly seen in geriatric patients?

Decrease in plasma albumin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consideration when dosing for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease?

Increased effects of sedatives due to decreased mentation Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main issues for intravenous anaesthetics in patients with respiratory disease?

Altered serum pH and protein binding Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the changes in liver disease that can affect drug metabolism?

Decreased content and activity of phase 1/2 reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs may require therapeutic monitoring in patients with chronic respiratory disease?

Drugs with high clearance and reduced dose Signup and view all the answers

What does the therapeutic index of a drug measure?

The ratio of therapeutic effect to toxic effect Signup and view all the answers

Which drugs have a high therapeutic index?

NSAIDs Signup and view all the answers

Which drugs have a low therapeutic index?

Phenytoin Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of therapeutic monitoring?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

When is the best time to sample for therapeutic effect monitoring?

During steady state Signup and view all the answers

What should be ensured when investigating potential toxicity?

Peak concentrations should not exceed minimum toxic concentrations Signup and view all the answers

Which patients may require therapeutic monitoring for drugs with altered pharmacokinetics?

Patients with chronic cardiovascular disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal characteristic of a drug's therapeutic index?

High therapeutic index to effectively overdose without toxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors affects drug absorption the most?

Lipid solubility Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs are more likely to have low absorption due to molecular size?

Large molecular drugs Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of particle size on drug absorption?

Increases absorption Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the effect of ionization on drug absorption?

Decreases absorption Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects drug absorption the most?

Lipid solubility Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs are difficult to cross membranes due to ionization?

Weak acids and weak bases Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of molecular size on drug absorption?

Decreases absorption Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects drug absorption the most?

Surface area of absorptive surface Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects drug distribution in the body the most?

Lipid solubility of the drug Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects drug metabolism clearance the most?

Enzyme polymorphisms Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects drug excretion clearance the most?

Quantity of drug transporters Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs have high drug distribution in the body?

Lipid soluble drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs have low drug distribution in the body?

Water soluble drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects drug plasma protein binding the most?

Protein binding affinity of the drug Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can lead to a variable bioavailability of drugs in neonates and pediatric patients?

Altered gastric emptying Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of drug metabolism in neonates and foals?

Biotransformation of drugs is normal within a few days Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consideration when dosing for geriatric patients?

Decreased renal elimination Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of drug absorption in geriatric patients?

Reduced absorption due to gastric pH increase Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of drug distribution in neonates?

Increased distribution for nonlipid drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consideration when dosing for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease?

Increased effects of sedatives due to decreased mentation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of drug excretion in patients with renal disease?

Decreased renal elimination Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason for measuring plasma concentration of drugs in special situations?

To monitor compliance Signup and view all the answers

What does the therapeutic window represent on the graph?

The range of drug concentrations in plasma that produce a therapeutic effect Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is likely to have a high therapeutic index?

Ibuprofen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is likely to have a low therapeutic index?

Phenobarbital Signup and view all the answers

When is the best time to sample for therapeutic effect monitoring?

During the steady state Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason for therapeutic monitoring of pharmacokinetics?

To assess drug distribution in neonates Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sampling peak concentrations during therapeutic monitoring?

To ensure drug concentrations do not exceed minimum toxic concentrations Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sampling trough concentrations during therapeutic monitoring?

To ensure drug concentrations are above minimum efficacious concentrations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs may require therapeutic monitoring in patients with chronic respiratory disease?

Benzodiazepines Signup and view all the answers

Understanding how to Alter Pharmacokinetics in High Risk Patients

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following factors is related to drug absorption?

What is the effect of molecular size on drug absorption?

How does particle size affect drug absorption?

What is the effect of ionization on drug absorption?

Which type of drugs have low absorption due to molecular size?

Which type of drugs have greater absorption due to lipid solubility?

Which factor affects drug absorption in the body the most?

Which type of drugs have high distribution in the body?

Which factor affects drug metabolism clearance the most?

Which type of drugs have low clearance in the body?

What factor affects drug excretion clearance the most?

Which type of drugs have high clearance in the body?

Which factor affects drug distribution in the body the most?

Which of the following is a factor that can lead to variable bioavailability in neonates and pediatric patients?

What is one of the differences in distribution between neonates and adults?

Which of the following is a factor that can contribute to reduced bioavailability in geriatric patients?

What is one of the changes in metabolism commonly seen in geriatric patients?

Which of the following is a consideration when dosing for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease?

What is one of the main issues for intravenous anaesthetics in patients with respiratory disease?

What is one of the changes in liver disease that can affect drug metabolism?

Which type of drugs may require therapeutic monitoring in patients with chronic respiratory disease?

What does the therapeutic index of a drug measure?

Which drugs have a high therapeutic index?

Which drugs have a low therapeutic index?

What is the purpose of therapeutic monitoring?

When is the best time to sample for therapeutic effect monitoring?

What should be ensured when investigating potential toxicity?

Which patients may require therapeutic monitoring for drugs with altered pharmacokinetics?

What is the ideal characteristic of a drug's therapeutic index?

Which of the following factors affects drug absorption the most?

Which type of drugs are more likely to have low absorption due to molecular size?

What is the effect of particle size on drug absorption?

Which of the following is true about the effect of ionization on drug absorption?

Which factor affects drug absorption the most?

Which type of drugs are difficult to cross membranes due to ionization?

What is the effect of molecular size on drug absorption?

Which factor affects drug absorption the most?

Which factor affects drug distribution in the body the most?

Which factor affects drug metabolism clearance the most?

Which factor affects drug excretion clearance the most?

Which type of drugs have high drug distribution in the body?

Which type of drugs have low drug distribution in the body?

Which factor affects drug plasma protein binding the most?

Which of the following factors can lead to a variable bioavailability of drugs in neonates and pediatric patients?

Which of the following is a characteristic of drug metabolism in neonates and foals?

Which of the following is a consideration when dosing for geriatric patients?

Which of the following is a characteristic of drug absorption in geriatric patients?

Which of the following is a characteristic of drug distribution in neonates?

Which of the following is a consideration when dosing for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease?

Which of the following is a characteristic of drug excretion in patients with renal disease?

Which of the following is NOT a reason for measuring plasma concentration of drugs in special situations?

What does the therapeutic window represent on the graph?

Which of the following drugs is likely to have a high therapeutic index?

Which of the following drugs is likely to have a low therapeutic index?

When is the best time to sample for therapeutic effect monitoring?

Which of the following is NOT a reason for therapeutic monitoring of pharmacokinetics?

What is the purpose of sampling peak concentrations during therapeutic monitoring?

What is the purpose of sampling trough concentrations during therapeutic monitoring?

Which of the following drugs may require therapeutic monitoring in patients with chronic respiratory disease?

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