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Questions and Answers
What is the Altamira Cave known for?
Prehistoric cave art featuring charcoal drawings and polychrome paintings.
The basic architectural system where two vertical elements support a horizontal element is known as __________.
post and lintel
Megalithic architecture refers to small stone structures from prehistory.
False
Which function did Stonehenge likely serve?
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What is a Mastaba?
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Match the Egyptian pyramids to their respective pharaohs:
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How long did it take to construct a single pyramid in Giza?
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Which of these pyramids appears larger due to its positioning?
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The __________ is known as one of the earliest examples of monumental architecture.
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The New Kingdom pyramids are known for being the largest in ancient Egyptian history.
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Study Notes
Altamira Cave
- Location: Spain, dated between 14,000-16,000 BCE.
- Notable for prehistoric cave art with charcoal drawings and polychrome paintings.
- Artwork depicts local fauna and human handprints, showcasing early artistic expression.
Three-Dimensional Painting
- Technique creating illusion of depth on a flat surface.
- Achieved through methods like perspective, shading, and overlapping.
Vocabulary Terms
- Post and Lintel: Architectural system where two vertical posts support a horizontal lintel.
- Megalithic Architecture: Large stone structures from prehistory, often associated with significant cultural functions.
- Funerary Architecture: Structures intended for burial or memorializing the deceased.
Stonehenge
- Location: England, built between 3000 and 1600 BCE.
- Comprises five post-and-lintel trilithons made of bluestone from southern Wales.
- Function possibly related to religious, ceremonial, or astronomical purposes, linked to solar and lunar cycles.
Fundamental Aspects of Megalithic Architecture
- Connection to transcendental beliefs and cultural narratives.
- Buildings signify territorial claims for the societies that built them.
- Promotes social cohesion, enhancing unity within communities.
Megalithic Temples in Malta
- Date: circa 3150-2600 BCE, among the oldest megalthic sites globally.
- Features a monumental entrance leading to a central passage with oval chambers and semi-circular recesses.
- Entrances often utilize trilithon construction.
Çatalhöyük
- Location: Turkey, dating back to around 6000 BCE.
- Architecture adapted to societal needs, lacking conventional streets due to no wheeled vehicles.
- Homes constructed closely, with access via roofs, providing defense against external threats.
Jericho Neolithic Wall
- Date: circa 7000 BCE, one of the earliest defensive structures.
- Stone wall approximately 3.6 meters high and 1.8 meters thick.
- Indicates community organization and capacity for large-scale construction for protection against floods and threats.
Ancient Egyptian Kingdoms
- Old Kingdom: 2700 - 2200 BCE.
- Middle Kingdom: 2100 - 1800 BCE.
- New Kingdom: 1600 - 1100 BCE.
Mastaba
- Ancient Egyptian tomb characterized by a flat-roofed, rectangular structure with inward-sloping sides.
- Constructed from mud bricks or limestone.
Great Pyramids of Giza
- Each pyramid belongs to a different pharaoh: Khufu (Cheops), Khafre (Chephren), Menkaure (Mykerinos).
- Construction required around 20-30 years and thousands of workers for each pyramid.
- Successive pyramids reflect refinements over time in techniques and architecture.
Pyramids of Giza
- Cheops: Largest pyramid, built for Pharaoh Khufu.
- Chephren: Slightly smaller than Cheops.
- Mykerinos: Optical illusion in size; its location creates a perception of similar size to the others due to its distance.
Old Kingdom Architecture
- Includes mastabas and step pyramids, such as the Red Pyramid.
Middle Kingdom Architecture
- Features rock-cut tombs, exemplified by the Tomb of Mentuhotep and Queen Hatshepsut’s Temple.
New Kingdom Architecture
- Includes significant structures like the Temple of Khons and the Precinct of Karnak.
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Description
Explore the intriguing art of the Altamira Cave in Spain, dating back to 14,000-16,000 BCE. The cave is famous for its stunning prehistoric charcoal drawings and polychrome paintings that depict local fauna and human hands. This quiz will test your knowledge about the significance and techniques used in this ancient art form.
