الصلب واستخداماته في الحياة اليومية

Study Notes

Materials are essential components of our daily lives, from the structures we inhabit to the tools we use. One such material is steel, also known as iron alloyed with carbon (low carbon steels) or other elements like chromium and nickel (high strength steels). Steel has been used since ancient times due to its relative abundance, ease of production, and versatility. It's made by heating iron ore in a blast furnace with coke until it melts; then more coke and limestone are added before pouring into molds. Although steel can easily rust when exposed to moisture or damp air, surface treatments like galvanizing protect against corrosion.

Steel comes in various grades depending on its composition which affects properties like tensile strength—how much force it takes before breaking under pressure—and elongation—the amount stretched without cracking. For example, low carbon steel has less than 0.3% carbon while high carbon steel contains between 0.3 and 2%, giving them different strengths. Low carbon steel works well for general purposes because they don't need extra heat treatment after forming, but higher quality products usually require hot rolling instead.

However, one downside of using steel is that during manufacturing processes some impurities may remain even if purification methods have been employed earlier in production. This residue includes sulfur compounds, silicon carbide particles, graphite, and free carbon. Also, steel requires regular maintenance due to oxidization effects caused by exposure to oxygen gas in atmosphere creating oxides over time. To minimize wear and tear, special coatings must often be applied periodically on top layers of certain types of metal surfaces.

In conclusion, understanding materials like steel provides insight into their uses and limitations within society. Knowledge about processing procedures helps us appreciate how these ingredients come together during fabrication stages producing final products we rely upon every day.

Description

اكتشف معنا مدى أهمية الفولاذ كمادة أساسية في حياتنا اليومية، وكيف يتم صناعته وتصنيفه حسب تركيبه وخصائصه الميكانيكية. تعرف على طرق الحماية من التآكل وأهمية الصيانة الدورية للحفاظ على جودة المواد المعدنية.