Questions and Answers
What act allowed banks to reopen and gave the president the power to regulate banking transactions?
What program provided employment for 3 million young men during the Great Depression?
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
What was one of the key achievements of the Works Progress Administration (WPA)?
The National Recovery Act (NRA) was part of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s plan and was declared unconstitutional.
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What was the purpose of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)?
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What did the Social Security Act of 1935 establish?
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What rights did the Wagner Act reaffirm for labor?
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The National Labor Relation Board was created under which act?
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What did the Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA) focus on?
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The Agricultural Adjustment Act provided farmers with immediate payments to increase crop production.
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What was the purpose of the Home Owner's Loan Corporation (HOLC)?
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The Civil Works Administration (CWA) provided temporary jobs for ______.
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What did the Public Works Administration (PWA) aim to build?
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The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) was upheld by the Supreme Court.
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What was highlighted by the Frazier-Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act?
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What main function did the Resettlement Administration serve?
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What was the significance of the Indian Organizational Act of 1934?
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What requirement did the Federal Securities Act impose on promoters?
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Study Notes
Glass-Steagall Act (Emergency Banking Relief Act)
- Enacted in 1933, enabled banks to reopen under federal regulation.
- Granted the president authority over banking transactions and foreign exchange.
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
- Established by the Unemployment Relief Act of 1933.
- Employed 3 million young, single men in government camps during the Great Depression.
- Focused on projects like reforestation, firefighting, flood control, and swamp drainage.
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
- Created in 1935 to provide jobs for the unemployed.
- Funded projects totaling $11 billion, employing nearly 9 million people.
- Key infrastructure projects included building roads, bridges, and public buildings.
National Recovery Act (NRA)
- Initiated in 1933 to support industry and labor during the Great Depression.
- Provided labor benefits and the right to organize through chosen representatives.
- Symbolized by the "Blue Eagle," later declared unconstitutional.
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
- First government-owned corporation aimed at job creation and infrastructure development.
- Focused on building dams and providing electricity in the Tennessee River Valley.
Social Security Act of 1935
- Established a federal insurance program funded by payroll taxes from employees and employers.
- Provided monthly pensions beginning at age 65, along with benefits for unemployed, disabled, and single mothers.
Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act)
- Established the National Labor Relations Board.
- Affirmed labor's right to self-organize and engage in collective bargaining.
National Labor Relations Board
- Formed by the Wagner Act in the 1930s to protect workers' rights.
- Facilitated self-organization and collective bargaining for laborers.
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
- Labor union that emerged from the AFL; represented unskilled workers.
- Suspended from AFL in 1938 due to its growing influence; had 4 million members by 1940.
Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)
- Focused on immediate relief for economic distress rather than long-term solutions.
Agricultural Adjustment Act
- Allocated millions to assist farmers in paying mortgages.
Home Owner's Loan Corporation (HOLC)
- Aimed to refinance mortgages for non-farm homes.
Civil Works Administration (CWA)
- Associated with FERA; provided temporary jobs for winter months, such as leaf-raking and snow-shoveling.
Public Works Administration (PWA)
- Focused on long-term recovery through construction of public facilities like buildings, highways, and parks.
Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
- Compensated farmers for reducing crop acreage to eliminate surplus, deemed unconstitutional.
Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment
- Promoted conservation by paying farmers to plant soil-conserving crops or leave land fallow.
Second Agricultural Adjustment Act
- Extended conservation payments and broader agricultural support.
Frazier-Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act
- Temporarily suspended mortgage foreclosures for five years; later invalidated by the Supreme Court.
Resettlement Administration
- Aimed to relocate struggling farmers to better land and facilitated the planting of 200 million trees via the CCC.
Indian Organizational Act of 1934 (Indian New Deal)
- Encouraged local self-government for tribes and preservation of Native American culture.
- Aimed to prevent further loss of Indian land, although 77 tribes rejected these initiatives.
Federal Securities Act ("Truth in Securities Act")
- Mandated that promoters disclose accurate information about stocks and bonds to investors.
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Test your knowledge of key Alphabet Agencies from the New Deal era with these flashcards. Each card features important legislation and programs that shaped economic recovery during the Great Depression. Perfect for history enthusiasts and students alike!
