Alloys and Ceramics Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is an alloy?

A solid solution of a metal with other metals or nonmetals (correct)

A type of ceramic material

A composite material

None of the above

What is amalgam?

An alloy containing mercury (correct)

A type of plastic

A ceramic material

None of the above

What are ores?

A mineral or rock containing a useful substance that can be mined at a profit.

What is a ceramic?

A material made from clay or sand, usually baked at a high temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What is glass?

A solid ceramic mixture lacking a crystal structure. Signup and view all the answers

What are cermets?

Materials made of ceramic and metal Signup and view all the answers

What is brass primarily made of?

Copper or zinc. Signup and view all the answers

What is bronze?

An alloy made of copper and tin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of real gold?

Gold is mixed with copper. Signup and view all the answers

What is recycling?

The reusing and repurposing of materials. Signup and view all the answers

Provide two examples of composites.

Cement with iron bars, fiberglass made of glass. Signup and view all the answers

What is a composite material?

One material embedded completely in another. Signup and view all the answers

What monomers make up polyethylene?

Ethene. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between synthetic fiber and plastic?

Synthetic fiber is threaded while plastic is molded. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most abundant alloy?

Aluminum. Signup and view all the answers

What do structural ceramics contain?

Silicon and aluminum. Signup and view all the answers

What are white wares in ceramics?

They contain porcelain and are used in dishes, toilets, sinks, etc. Signup and view all the answers

What are plastics made from?

Synthetic organic polymers. Signup and view all the answers

What is a synthetic fiber?

A strand of a synthetic polymer. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main reasons for recycling solid wastes?

It preserves natural resources and conserves fossil fuels. Signup and view all the answers

In what two major ways is recycling encouraged in some states?

Required by law and deposit laws for canned and bottled beverages. Signup and view all the answers

Steel is an alloy of iron and ____

carbon Signup and view all the answers

A source of the materials used to make plastics is ____

ore Signup and view all the answers

Brass and bronze both contain ____

copper Signup and view all the answers

Most elements needed to make alloys are obtained from ____

ores Signup and view all the answers

Clay is used to make ____

ceramics Signup and view all the answers

Polymers that are made artificially in a laboratory are called ____ polymers.

synthetic Signup and view all the answers

A glass-fiber composite used to make the hulls of boats is ____

fiberglass Signup and view all the answers

Plastics are examples of _____ polymers.

synthetic Signup and view all the answers

The monomers that make up polyethylene are ____ molecules.

ethene Signup and view all the answers

Most of the raw materials that are used to make plastics come from _____ products.

petroleum Signup and view all the answers

Plastic and synthetic fibers are sometimes called ______.

petrochemical products Signup and view all the answers

Fiberglass is a composite made up of plastic and ______.

glass Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Alloys and Their Types

Alloy: A solid solution formed by mixing metals with other metals or nonmetals; examples include brass and steel.
Amalgam: An alloy that contains mercury, commonly used in dental fillings.
Brass: Primarily composed of copper and zinc.
Bronze: The first alloy created by humans, made from copper and tin.
Real Gold: A mixture of gold (Au) with copper (Cu) enhances strength and alters color.
Aluminum: Considered the most abundant alloy.

Ceramic: A material derived from clay or sand, typically baked at high temperatures, primarily used in pottery.
Glass: A type of ceramic without a crystalline structure, mainly composed of silicon dioxide (sand).
Structural Ceramics: These ceramics mainly consist of silicon and aluminum.
White Wares: A category including porcelain and various ceramic products like dishes and toilets.

Composite Materials

Composite: Materials formed by embedding one substance within another to combine desirable properties.
Examples of Composites:
- Cement: Reinforced with iron bars.
- Fiberglass: Made from glass and used in boat hulls.

Plastics and Synthetic Fibers

Plastics: Synthetic polymers that can be molded into various shapes; nylon and polyethylene are notable examples.
Synthetic Fiber: A strand of synthetic polymer, used primarily in clothing.
Differences: Synthetic fibers are created in thread form, while plastics are molded.

Recycling and Environmental Impact

Recycling: The process of reusing and repurposing materials, preserving natural resources and conserving fossil fuels.
Encouragement of Recycling: Legally mandated recycling in some states, and deposit laws on cans and bottles promote waste reduction.

Key Processes and Raw Materials

Polyethylene: Composed of ethene monomers.
Raw Materials for Plastics: Primarily derived from petroleum products; ores are a source for metals used in alloys.
Most elements necessary for alloy production are extracted from ores.

Miscellaneous

Cermets: Composite materials combining the beneficial properties of ceramics and alloys, used in some magnets.
Fiberglass: A composite made of plastic and glass, utilized in various industries.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key terms related to alloys, ceramics, and cermets with these flashcards. Each card provides a definition and example to enhance your understanding of these materials and their applications.