Questions and Answers
What is an alloy?
What is amalgam?
What are ores?
A mineral or rock containing a useful substance that can be mined at a profit.
What is a ceramic?
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What is glass?
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What are cermets?
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What is brass primarily made of?
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What is bronze?
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What is the primary component of real gold?
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What is recycling?
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Provide two examples of composites.
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What is a composite material?
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What monomers make up polyethylene?
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What is the difference between synthetic fiber and plastic?
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What is the most abundant alloy?
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What do structural ceramics contain?
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What are white wares in ceramics?
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What are plastics made from?
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What is a synthetic fiber?
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What are the main reasons for recycling solid wastes?
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In what two major ways is recycling encouraged in some states?
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Steel is an alloy of iron and ____
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A source of the materials used to make plastics is ____
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Brass and bronze both contain ____
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Most elements needed to make alloys are obtained from ____
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Clay is used to make ____
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Polymers that are made artificially in a laboratory are called ____ polymers.
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A glass-fiber composite used to make the hulls of boats is ____
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Plastics are examples of _____ polymers.
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The monomers that make up polyethylene are ____ molecules.
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Most of the raw materials that are used to make plastics come from _____ products.
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Plastic and synthetic fibers are sometimes called ______.
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Fiberglass is a composite made up of plastic and ______.
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Study Notes
Alloys and Their Types
- Alloy: A solid solution formed by mixing metals with other metals or nonmetals; examples include brass and steel.
- Amalgam: An alloy that contains mercury, commonly used in dental fillings.
- Brass: Primarily composed of copper and zinc.
- Bronze: The first alloy created by humans, made from copper and tin.
- Real Gold: A mixture of gold (Au) with copper (Cu) enhances strength and alters color.
- Aluminum: Considered the most abundant alloy.
Ceramics and Related Materials
- Ceramic: A material derived from clay or sand, typically baked at high temperatures, primarily used in pottery.
- Glass: A type of ceramic without a crystalline structure, mainly composed of silicon dioxide (sand).
- Structural Ceramics: These ceramics mainly consist of silicon and aluminum.
- White Wares: A category including porcelain and various ceramic products like dishes and toilets.
Composite Materials
- Composite: Materials formed by embedding one substance within another to combine desirable properties.
- Examples of Composites:
- Cement: Reinforced with iron bars.
- Fiberglass: Made from glass and used in boat hulls.
Plastics and Synthetic Fibers
- Plastics: Synthetic polymers that can be molded into various shapes; nylon and polyethylene are notable examples.
- Synthetic Fiber: A strand of synthetic polymer, used primarily in clothing.
- Differences: Synthetic fibers are created in thread form, while plastics are molded.
Recycling and Environmental Impact
- Recycling: The process of reusing and repurposing materials, preserving natural resources and conserving fossil fuels.
- Encouragement of Recycling: Legally mandated recycling in some states, and deposit laws on cans and bottles promote waste reduction.
Key Processes and Raw Materials
- Polyethylene: Composed of ethene monomers.
- Raw Materials for Plastics: Primarily derived from petroleum products; ores are a source for metals used in alloys.
- Most elements necessary for alloy production are extracted from ores.
Miscellaneous
- Cermets: Composite materials combining the beneficial properties of ceramics and alloys, used in some magnets.
- Fiberglass: A composite made of plastic and glass, utilized in various industries.
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Test your knowledge on key terms related to alloys, ceramics, and cermets with these flashcards. Each card provides a definition and example to enhance your understanding of these materials and their applications.