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Questions and Answers
What is the generic name of the drug?
What classification does allopurinol fall under?
What is the pregnancy category for allopurinol?
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What are the available dosage forms of allopurinol?
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What is the maximum daily dosage for treating hyperuricemia in adults?
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What is a common CNS side effect of allopurinol?
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Allopurinol should not be used as initial treatment for ________ attacks.
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It is safe to use allopurinol during pregnancy.
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Which of the following is a contraindication for allopurinol?
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Match the following nursing considerations with their descriptions:
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What should patients do to ensure proper hydration while on allopurinol?
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Study Notes
Allopurinol Overview
- Generic name: Allopurinol
- Brand names include Alloprim, Zyloprim, Purinol, and Lopurin.
Classification and Use
- Classified as an antigout agent.
- Used primarily to treat hyperuricemia and prevent gout attacks.
Dosage Forms and Administration
- Available in tablet forms of 100 mg and 300 mg, and a 500 mg vial.
Dosage Guidelines
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Hyperuricemia:
- Adults: Initial oral dose of 100 mg/day, can increase by 100 mg/week (max 800 mg/day).
- IV administration: 200-400 mg/m²/day (max 600 mg/day).
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Secondary Hyperuricemia:
- Adults: 200-800 mg/day for a duration of 2-3 days or longer.
- Adjusted based on creatinine clearance.
Side/Adverse Effects
- CNS: Drowsiness, headache, vertigo.
- GI: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort.
- Hematologic: Rare conditions such as agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia.
- Skin: Possible urticaria, pruritus, and maculopapular rash.
- Other: Risks of hepatotoxicity and renal insufficiency.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to allopurinol, initial treatment for acute gout, idiopathic hemochromatosis.
- Not recommended for children, except under specific circumstances.
Precautions
- Caution in patients with impaired liver or kidney function.
- History of peptic ulcers or lower GI tract diseases should be noted.
Nursing Considerations
- Monitor therapeutic effectiveness indicated by uric acid levels and reduction in tophi size.
- Watch for signs of acute gouty attacks, particularly in the first 6 weeks.
- Conduct regular lab tests: serum uric acid, CBC, liver and kidney function.
- Higher monitoring frequency recommended for patients with existing renal disorders.
- Report any adverse effects like rash or fever to a physician immediately; severe toxicity may develop.
Client Education
- Advise to maintain adequate hydration (aim for at least 2000 mL urinary output per day).
- Instruct to report any new skin rashes or itching.
- Limit sun exposure to prevent possible cataract development.
- Caution against driving or operating machinery until familiarity with medication effects is established.
- Continuous medical supervision is essential; drug therapy may be indefinite.
- Advise against breastfeeding without consulting a physician.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards on Allopurinol, a medication used as an antigout agent. Explore its generic and brand names, pregnancy category, dosage forms, and more. Ideal for pharmacy students and healthcare professionals.
