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Questions and Answers
What is the generic name of the drug?
What is the generic name of the drug?
What classification does allopurinol fall under?
What classification does allopurinol fall under?
What is the pregnancy category for allopurinol?
What is the pregnancy category for allopurinol?
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What are the available dosage forms of allopurinol?
What are the available dosage forms of allopurinol?
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What is the maximum daily dosage for treating hyperuricemia in adults?
What is the maximum daily dosage for treating hyperuricemia in adults?
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What is a common CNS side effect of allopurinol?
What is a common CNS side effect of allopurinol?
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Allopurinol should not be used as initial treatment for ________ attacks.
Allopurinol should not be used as initial treatment for ________ attacks.
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It is safe to use allopurinol during pregnancy.
It is safe to use allopurinol during pregnancy.
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Which of the following is a contraindication for allopurinol?
Which of the following is a contraindication for allopurinol?
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Match the following nursing considerations with their descriptions:
Match the following nursing considerations with their descriptions:
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What should patients do to ensure proper hydration while on allopurinol?
What should patients do to ensure proper hydration while on allopurinol?
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Study Notes
Allopurinol Overview
- Generic name: Allopurinol
- Brand names include Alloprim, Zyloprim, Purinol, and Lopurin.
Classification and Use
- Classified as an antigout agent.
- Used primarily to treat hyperuricemia and prevent gout attacks.
Dosage Forms and Administration
- Available in tablet forms of 100 mg and 300 mg, and a 500 mg vial.
Dosage Guidelines
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Hyperuricemia:
- Adults: Initial oral dose of 100 mg/day, can increase by 100 mg/week (max 800 mg/day).
- IV administration: 200-400 mg/m²/day (max 600 mg/day).
-
Secondary Hyperuricemia:
- Adults: 200-800 mg/day for a duration of 2-3 days or longer.
- Adjusted based on creatinine clearance.
Side/Adverse Effects
- CNS: Drowsiness, headache, vertigo.
- GI: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort.
- Hematologic: Rare conditions such as agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia.
- Skin: Possible urticaria, pruritus, and maculopapular rash.
- Other: Risks of hepatotoxicity and renal insufficiency.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to allopurinol, initial treatment for acute gout, idiopathic hemochromatosis.
- Not recommended for children, except under specific circumstances.
Precautions
- Caution in patients with impaired liver or kidney function.
- History of peptic ulcers or lower GI tract diseases should be noted.
Nursing Considerations
- Monitor therapeutic effectiveness indicated by uric acid levels and reduction in tophi size.
- Watch for signs of acute gouty attacks, particularly in the first 6 weeks.
- Conduct regular lab tests: serum uric acid, CBC, liver and kidney function.
- Higher monitoring frequency recommended for patients with existing renal disorders.
- Report any adverse effects like rash or fever to a physician immediately; severe toxicity may develop.
Client Education
- Advise to maintain adequate hydration (aim for at least 2000 mL urinary output per day).
- Instruct to report any new skin rashes or itching.
- Limit sun exposure to prevent possible cataract development.
- Caution against driving or operating machinery until familiarity with medication effects is established.
- Continuous medical supervision is essential; drug therapy may be indefinite.
- Advise against breastfeeding without consulting a physician.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards on Allopurinol, a medication used as an antigout agent. Explore its generic and brand names, pregnancy category, dosage forms, and more. Ideal for pharmacy students and healthcare professionals.
