Allergy and Immunology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the genetic influences on allergy and asthma?

Over 35 genes are now thought to influence allergy and asthma.

How do regulatory T cells (Tregs) affect Th2 cells in helminth infection?

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) actively suppress Th2 cells in helminth infection.

What are the potential epigenetic influences on allergic reactions?

Modifying gene behavior by methylation, either in utero or in childhood, may affect subsequent responses.

What is the role of mast cells in allergic reactions?

Mast cells are strategically placed at mucosal surfaces and their engagement of IgE results in degranulation, with basophil and eosinophil involvement. Signup and view all the answers

What usually promotes IgE response in allergic reactions?

Promotion of Th2 T cells usually favors IgE response in allergic reactions. Signup and view all the answers

Define allergy according to the more restricted definition given in the text.

Allergy is defined as a 'disease following a response by the immune system to an otherwise innocuous antigen.' Signup and view all the answers

What are the four types of hypersensitivity reactions mentioned in the text?

The four types of hypersensitivity reactions are Type I, Type II, Type III, and Type IV. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effector mechanism and example associated with Type II hypersensitivity reaction?

The effector mechanism is immune reactant IgG, and the example is cell surface associated receptor complement, macrophage activation, arthus reaction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of allergy mentioned in the text regarding its mediation and occurrence?

Allergy is IgE mediated and always occurs on secondary exposure to an allergen, indicating that an initial exposure event has taken place. Signup and view all the answers

What are the normal serum levels of IgG and IgM as mentioned in the text?

The normal serum levels are 15 mg/ml for IgG and 1.5 mg/ml for IgM. Signup and view all the answers

In what ways do CD4+ T cells of the Th2 phenotype contribute to IgE responses?

CD4+ T cells of the Th2 phenotype produce IL4 cytokines, favoring IgE responses. Signup and view all the answers

What are some common symptoms of skin allergies?

Skin allergies result in rashes, wheals, and flares. Signup and view all the answers

How are inhaled allergens related to nasal symptoms and asthma?

Inhaled allergens cause nasal symptoms (allergic rhinitis) and asthma. Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential future therapies for allergies?

Allergy treatments include desensitization, blockade of effector pathways, and potential future therapies involving recombinant allergens. Signup and view all the answers

How should severe anaphylaxis be treated?

Severe anaphylaxis should be treated with epinephrine injection. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Allergy and Immunology: Key Points

IgE triggers Mast cell degranulation, causing allergy
IgE is produced by plasma B cells in lymph nodes or locally at site of inflammation
Certain antigens and routes of delivery favor IgE production, typically transmucosal at low doses
CD4+ T cells of the Th2 phenotype produce IL4 cytokines, favoring IgE responses
Allergens are often enzymes, such as Der p 1 from house dust mite feces
Inhaled allergens cause nasal symptoms (allergic rhinitis) and asthma
Skin allergies result in rashes, wheals, and flares
Ingested allergens cause diarrhea, vomiting, rashes, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis
Mast cell granules contain inflammatory mediators like histamine, leukotrienes, and cytokines
Allergy treatments include desensitization, blockade of effector pathways, and potential future therapies involving recombinant allergens
Severe anaphylaxis should be treated with epinephrine injection
The Hygiene Hypothesis suggests early childhood exposure to certain pathogens may prevent allergies in later life, and environmental pollution may impact allergic asthma.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key points in allergy and immunology with this quiz. Explore the role of IgE, allergens, and immune responses in causing allergic reactions. Learn about symptoms, treatment options, and the impact of environmental factors on allergies.