Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the genetic influences on allergy and asthma?
What are the genetic influences on allergy and asthma?
Over 35 genes are now thought to influence allergy and asthma.
How do regulatory T cells (Tregs) affect Th2 cells in helminth infection?
How do regulatory T cells (Tregs) affect Th2 cells in helminth infection?
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) actively suppress Th2 cells in helminth infection.
What are the potential epigenetic influences on allergic reactions?
What are the potential epigenetic influences on allergic reactions?
Modifying gene behavior by methylation, either in utero or in childhood, may affect subsequent responses.
What is the role of mast cells in allergic reactions?
What is the role of mast cells in allergic reactions?
What usually promotes IgE response in allergic reactions?
What usually promotes IgE response in allergic reactions?
Define allergy according to the more restricted definition given in the text.
Define allergy according to the more restricted definition given in the text.
What are the four types of hypersensitivity reactions mentioned in the text?
What are the four types of hypersensitivity reactions mentioned in the text?
What is the effector mechanism and example associated with Type II hypersensitivity reaction?
What is the effector mechanism and example associated with Type II hypersensitivity reaction?
What is the characteristic of allergy mentioned in the text regarding its mediation and occurrence?
What is the characteristic of allergy mentioned in the text regarding its mediation and occurrence?
What are the normal serum levels of IgG and IgM as mentioned in the text?
What are the normal serum levels of IgG and IgM as mentioned in the text?
In what ways do CD4+ T cells of the Th2 phenotype contribute to IgE responses?
In what ways do CD4+ T cells of the Th2 phenotype contribute to IgE responses?
What are some common symptoms of skin allergies?
What are some common symptoms of skin allergies?
How are inhaled allergens related to nasal symptoms and asthma?
How are inhaled allergens related to nasal symptoms and asthma?
What are some potential future therapies for allergies?
What are some potential future therapies for allergies?
How should severe anaphylaxis be treated?
How should severe anaphylaxis be treated?
Study Notes
Allergy and Immunology: Key Points
- IgE triggers Mast cell degranulation, causing allergy
- IgE is produced by plasma B cells in lymph nodes or locally at site of inflammation
- Certain antigens and routes of delivery favor IgE production, typically transmucosal at low doses
- CD4+ T cells of the Th2 phenotype produce IL4 cytokines, favoring IgE responses
- Allergens are often enzymes, such as Der p 1 from house dust mite feces
- Inhaled allergens cause nasal symptoms (allergic rhinitis) and asthma
- Skin allergies result in rashes, wheals, and flares
- Ingested allergens cause diarrhea, vomiting, rashes, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis
- Mast cell granules contain inflammatory mediators like histamine, leukotrienes, and cytokines
- Allergy treatments include desensitization, blockade of effector pathways, and potential future therapies involving recombinant allergens
- Severe anaphylaxis should be treated with epinephrine injection
- The Hygiene Hypothesis suggests early childhood exposure to certain pathogens may prevent allergies in later life, and environmental pollution may impact allergic asthma.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key points in allergy and immunology with this quiz. Explore the role of IgE, allergens, and immune responses in causing allergic reactions. Learn about symptoms, treatment options, and the impact of environmental factors on allergies.
