Allergic Rhinitis Treatment Methods Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which step in the GINA guidelines for asthma treatment recommends low dose ICS-formoterol or low dose maintenance ICS?

  • Step 4
  • Step 2 (correct)
  • Step 3
  • Step 1

    • What is the mode of action of Omalizumab [Xolair]?

  • Directs against IgE (correct)
  • Inhibits leukotriene synthesis
  • Blocks interleukins signaling
  • Promotes mast cell activation

    • Which step in the GINA guidelines recommends adding on LAMA and referral to a specialist for phenotyping?

  • Step 4
  • Step 6
  • Step 3
  • Step 5 (correct)

    • What role does IgE play in the allergic release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils?

    <p>Activates mast cells and basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Omalizumab is correct?

    <p>Improvement in allergic symptoms has not been demonstrated in studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard treatment for Acute Otitis Media?

    <p>Pain medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the GINA guidelines, what should be considered when reaching Step 5 of asthma treatment?

    <p>Add on LAMA and referral to a specialist for phenotyping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen is NOT a primary organism causing Acute Otitis Media?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key method for preventing Acute Otitis Media?

    <p>Vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Otitis Media with Effusion from Acute Otitis Media?

    <p>Fluid in the middle ear without systemic illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal drawback of fluoroquinolones and fluoroquinolone/corticosteroid combinations used in Otitis Externa treatment?

    <p>Potential to promote resistance to quinolone antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Fungal Otitis Externa (Otomycosis)?

    <p>Intense pruritus and erythema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended next step in management for a patient with COPD who falls under Group E according to the GOLD criteria?

    <p>Consider adding ICS if eosinophils are 300 or greater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is recommended for symptom control across all patient groups in the GOLD criteria for COPD management?

    <p>Short-acting beta2 agonists (SABA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What FEV1 range is associated with Stage III COPD severity according to the GOLD criteria?

    <p>30-50% predicted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does long-term inhaled glucocorticoid use affect patients with COPD?

    <p>Increases the risk of pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the stepwise approach for ages 5 and under with asthma, what is recommended in Step 2?

    <p>Low dose ICS daily plus SABA as needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What FEV1/FVC ratio confirms a diagnosis of COPD?

    <p>&lt; 0.70</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a selective inhibitor of PDE that reduces inflammation, cough, and excessive mucus production in COPD?

    <p>Roflumilast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line pharmacologic management for a patient in Group B according to the GOLD criteria for COPD?

    <p>(LAMA) Long-acting muscarinic antagonists plus LABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment goal in managing COPD according to the GOLD criteria?

    <p>Reducing symptoms and risks, improving health status and exercise tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred type of bronchodilator during COPD exacerbations according to the text provided?

    <p>Inhaled short-acting beta2 agonists (SABA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is considered the most effective for mild to moderate allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Cetirizine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common adverse effect of intranasal corticosteroids used for allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Nosebleed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a systemic side effect associated with first-generation H1 receptor antagonist antihistamines?

    <p>Cholinergic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration of use for oxymetazoline nasal spray due to the risk of rebound rhinitis?

    <p>3 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of leukotriene antagonists used for allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Benzonatate, a nonopioid antitussive?

    <p>Local anesthetic on respiratory stretch receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Alpha2-Adrenergic Agonists lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma?

    <p>Reduce aqueous humor production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Cycloplegics" and "Mydriatics" are drugs used in ophthalmology. What is the main use of Mydriatics?

    <p>&quot;Dilate the pupil&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Expectorants" are used for conditions such as coughs. Which of the following mechanisms best describes how expectorants work?

    <p>Thin mucus and make it easier to expel from the respiratory tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line therapy for moderate to severe allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Intranasal corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the rules of 2 in asthma treatment?

    <p>Rescue inhaler used more than 2 times weekly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for dry age-related macular degeneration?

    <p>Zinc, antioxidants, and multiple vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Should antibiotics be used for otitis media with effusion?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the top two causative organisms of acute otitis externa?

    <p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staph aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which otic solution should be ordered for pseudomonas external otitis media?

    <p>Ciprofloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two most common fungal organisms for external otitis media?

    <p>Aspergillus and Candida albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation of antihistamines is recommended for day time relief of allergies due to less side effects?

    <p>Second generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antihistamines is available over-the-counter and not on the Beer's list?

    <p>Cetirizine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intranasal glucocorticoids are recommended as first-line treatment for symptoms involving the face or head. Which one of the following is ONLY available by prescription?

    <p>Beclomethasone (Qnasl)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pseudoephedrine is available without a prescription but behind the counter. What is its primary indication?

    <p>Facial pain and congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instruction should be given to patients using intranasal glucocorticoids to prevent irritation and unpleasant taste?

    <p>Point the spray towards the ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combination product contains Bromopheniramine along with dextromethorphan/pseudoephedrine?

    <p>Bromfed DM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of inhaler should be used on a PRN basis during an acute asthma attack?

    <p>Metered dose inhaler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is a Controlled Substance: C-V when it comes to cough syrups?

    <p>Guaifenesin &amp; Codeine (Robitussin AC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dosing for Montelukast in relation to age?

    <p>10 mg tablet for 15 years and older</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of prophylactic inhalers?

    <p>To be taken daily to prevent asthma attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which eye drop can also be used for the ear if needed?

    <p>Ciprofloxacin eye drops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common side effect that can occur when using glucocorticoids as inhalers?

    <p>Oropharyngeal candidiasis (thrush)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason behind most insurances not covering Benzonatate capsules?

    <p>&quot;Pill&quot; form preference over syrup form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug must be taken regularly for allergies and asthma, emphasizing it won't work acutely?

    <p>&quot;Montelukast&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for asthma management?

    <p>Decrease airway inflammation and improve lung function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the risk of local side effects from inhaled corticosteroids be reduced?

    <p>Rinsing with water and swallowing after inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main systemic side effect associated with long-term high doses of inhaled corticosteroids?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do different inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) mainly differ from each other?

    <p>In their potency and bioavailability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is most effectively managed with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)?

    <p><strong>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended next step for a patient not responding well to low doses of inhaled corticosteroids according to the text?

    <p><strong>Add a long-acting bronchodilator</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred route of administration for systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of severe acute exacerbations of asthma?

    <p>Oral tablets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is commonly associated with long-term use of systemic corticosteroids in patients with severe asthma?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is recommended as a reliever medication for patients prescribed maintenance and reliever therapy (MART) in asthma management?

    <p>Low Dose ICS-Formoterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect reported with initial use of Short-Acting Beta Agonists (SABAs) for asthma relief?

    <p>Tremor and tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the stepwise approach for severe acute asthma, what combination is used to reduce the risk of hospital admission?

    <p>Inhaled ipratropium with oral corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum recommended single-day dose of formoterol in Low Dose ICS-Formoterol combination therapy?

    <p>$48$ mcg formoterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred maintenance and reliever treatment for asthma when a low dose of ICS alone fails to achieve good control?

    <p>Low dose ICS-formoterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is NOT recommended for long-term treatment of asthma due to its weak anti-inflammatory effect and lower efficacy compared to low dose ICS?

    <p>Chromones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with uncontrolled asthma despite ICS-LABA, which add-on option at Step 5 helps improve control but is associated with side-effects like dry mouth?

    <p>LAMAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which add-on controller medication is indicated for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma uncontrolled on high dose ICS-LABA, and may also be used for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

    <p>Anti-IL5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern when using LABA without ICS in asthma management, especially in patients with asthma and COPD?

    <p>Serious behavior and mood changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are leukotriene modifiers considered less effective when added to ICS compared to ICS/LABA?

    <p>Lower efficacy than ICS/LABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of anti-IL4R medications like dupilumab in asthma management?

    <p>To control atopic dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Maintenance and reliever treatment' is commonly achieved using a combination of low dose ICS and which other medication?

    <p>LABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration when prescribing LAMAs as an add-on option for patients with uncontrolled asthma?

    <p>Potential side effect of dry mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is LABA not recommended without ICS in asthma management according to the text?

    <p>Serious behavior and mood changes may occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes maintenance and reliever treatment with low dose ICS-formoterol from conventional maintenance therapy with SABA as reliever?

    <p>Improved exacerbation reduction compared to conventional therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

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