Allergic Rhinitis Treatment Methods Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which step in the GINA guidelines for asthma treatment recommends low dose ICS-formoterol or low dose maintenance ICS?

  • Step 4
  • Step 2 (correct)
  • Step 3
  • Step 1

What is the mode of action of Omalizumab [Xolair]?

  • Directs against IgE (correct)
  • Inhibits leukotriene synthesis
  • Blocks interleukins signaling
  • Promotes mast cell activation

Which step in the GINA guidelines recommends adding on LAMA and referral to a specialist for phenotyping?

  • Step 4
  • Step 6
  • Step 3
  • Step 5 (correct)

What role does IgE play in the allergic release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils?

<p>Activates mast cells and basophils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Omalizumab is correct?

<p>Improvement in allergic symptoms has not been demonstrated in studies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard treatment for Acute Otitis Media?

<p>Pain medication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the GINA guidelines, what should be considered when reaching Step 5 of asthma treatment?

<p>Add on LAMA and referral to a specialist for phenotyping (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen is NOT a primary organism causing Acute Otitis Media?

<p>Staphylococcus aureus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key method for preventing Acute Otitis Media?

<p>Vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Otitis Media with Effusion from Acute Otitis Media?

<p>Fluid in the middle ear without systemic illness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal drawback of fluoroquinolones and fluoroquinolone/corticosteroid combinations used in Otitis Externa treatment?

<p>Potential to promote resistance to quinolone antibiotics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of Fungal Otitis Externa (Otomycosis)?

<p>Intense pruritus and erythema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended next step in management for a patient with COPD who falls under Group E according to the GOLD criteria?

<p>Consider adding ICS if eosinophils are 300 or greater (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is recommended for symptom control across all patient groups in the GOLD criteria for COPD management?

<p>Short-acting beta2 agonists (SABA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What FEV1 range is associated with Stage III COPD severity according to the GOLD criteria?

<p>30-50% predicted (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does long-term inhaled glucocorticoid use affect patients with COPD?

<p>Increases the risk of pneumonia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the stepwise approach for ages 5 and under with asthma, what is recommended in Step 2?

<p>Low dose ICS daily plus SABA as needed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What FEV1/FVC ratio confirms a diagnosis of COPD?

<p>&lt; 0.70 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is a selective inhibitor of PDE that reduces inflammation, cough, and excessive mucus production in COPD?

<p>Roflumilast (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line pharmacologic management for a patient in Group B according to the GOLD criteria for COPD?

<p>(LAMA) Long-acting muscarinic antagonists plus LABA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment goal in managing COPD according to the GOLD criteria?

<p>Reducing symptoms and risks, improving health status and exercise tolerance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred type of bronchodilator during COPD exacerbations according to the text provided?

<p>Inhaled short-acting beta2 agonists (SABA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is considered the most effective for mild to moderate allergic rhinitis?

<p>Cetirizine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common adverse effect of intranasal corticosteroids used for allergic rhinitis?

<p>Nosebleed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a systemic side effect associated with first-generation H1 receptor antagonist antihistamines?

<p>Cholinergic effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of use for oxymetazoline nasal spray due to the risk of rebound rhinitis?

<p>3 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of leukotriene antagonists used for allergic rhinitis?

<p>Depression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Benzonatate, a nonopioid antitussive?

<p>Local anesthetic on respiratory stretch receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Alpha2-Adrenergic Agonists lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma?

<p>Reduce aqueous humor production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Cycloplegics" and "Mydriatics" are drugs used in ophthalmology. What is the main use of Mydriatics?

<p>&quot;Dilate the pupil&quot; (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Expectorants" are used for conditions such as coughs. Which of the following mechanisms best describes how expectorants work?

<p>Thin mucus and make it easier to expel from the respiratory tract. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line therapy for moderate to severe allergic rhinitis?

<p>Intranasal corticosteroids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the rules of 2 in asthma treatment?

<p>Rescue inhaler used more than 2 times weekly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for dry age-related macular degeneration?

<p>Zinc, antioxidants, and multiple vitamins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Should antibiotics be used for otitis media with effusion?

<p>False (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the top two causative organisms of acute otitis externa?

<p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staph aureus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which otic solution should be ordered for pseudomonas external otitis media?

<p>Ciprofloxacin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two most common fungal organisms for external otitis media?

<p>Aspergillus and Candida albicans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which generation of antihistamines is recommended for day time relief of allergies due to less side effects?

<p>Second generation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antihistamines is available over-the-counter and not on the Beer's list?

<p>Cetirizine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intranasal glucocorticoids are recommended as first-line treatment for symptoms involving the face or head. Which one of the following is ONLY available by prescription?

<p>Beclomethasone (Qnasl) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pseudoephedrine is available without a prescription but behind the counter. What is its primary indication?

<p>Facial pain and congestion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What instruction should be given to patients using intranasal glucocorticoids to prevent irritation and unpleasant taste?

<p>Point the spray towards the ear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which combination product contains Bromopheniramine along with dextromethorphan/pseudoephedrine?

<p>Bromfed DM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inhaler should be used on a PRN basis during an acute asthma attack?

<p>Metered dose inhaler (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a Controlled Substance: C-V when it comes to cough syrups?

<p>Guaifenesin &amp; Codeine (Robitussin AC) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dosing for Montelukast in relation to age?

<p>10 mg tablet for 15 years and older (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of prophylactic inhalers?

<p>To be taken daily to prevent asthma attacks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which eye drop can also be used for the ear if needed?

<p>Ciprofloxacin eye drops (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common side effect that can occur when using glucocorticoids as inhalers?

<p>Oropharyngeal candidiasis (thrush) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason behind most insurances not covering Benzonatate capsules?

<p>&quot;Pill&quot; form preference over syrup form (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug must be taken regularly for allergies and asthma, emphasizing it won't work acutely?

<p>&quot;Montelukast&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for asthma management?

<p>Decrease airway inflammation and improve lung function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the risk of local side effects from inhaled corticosteroids be reduced?

<p>Rinsing with water and swallowing after inhalation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main systemic side effect associated with long-term high doses of inhaled corticosteroids?

<p>Osteoporosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do different inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) mainly differ from each other?

<p>In their potency and bioavailability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is most effectively managed with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)?

<p><strong>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)</strong> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended next step for a patient not responding well to low doses of inhaled corticosteroids according to the text?

<p><strong>Add a long-acting bronchodilator</strong> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred route of administration for systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of severe acute exacerbations of asthma?

<p>Oral tablets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with long-term use of systemic corticosteroids in patients with severe asthma?

<p>Osteoporosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is recommended as a reliever medication for patients prescribed maintenance and reliever therapy (MART) in asthma management?

<p>Low Dose ICS-Formoterol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect reported with initial use of Short-Acting Beta Agonists (SABAs) for asthma relief?

<p>Tremor and tachycardia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the stepwise approach for severe acute asthma, what combination is used to reduce the risk of hospital admission?

<p>Inhaled ipratropium with oral corticosteroids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum recommended single-day dose of formoterol in Low Dose ICS-Formoterol combination therapy?

<p>$48$ mcg formoterol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred maintenance and reliever treatment for asthma when a low dose of ICS alone fails to achieve good control?

<p>Low dose ICS-formoterol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is NOT recommended for long-term treatment of asthma due to its weak anti-inflammatory effect and lower efficacy compared to low dose ICS?

<p>Chromones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In patients with uncontrolled asthma despite ICS-LABA, which add-on option at Step 5 helps improve control but is associated with side-effects like dry mouth?

<p>LAMAs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which add-on controller medication is indicated for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma uncontrolled on high dose ICS-LABA, and may also be used for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

<p>Anti-IL5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern when using LABA without ICS in asthma management, especially in patients with asthma and COPD?

<p>Serious behavior and mood changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are leukotriene modifiers considered less effective when added to ICS compared to ICS/LABA?

<p>Lower efficacy than ICS/LABA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of anti-IL4R medications like dupilumab in asthma management?

<p>To control atopic dermatitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Maintenance and reliever treatment' is commonly achieved using a combination of low dose ICS and which other medication?

<p>LABA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration when prescribing LAMAs as an add-on option for patients with uncontrolled asthma?

<p>Potential side effect of dry mouth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is LABA not recommended without ICS in asthma management according to the text?

<p>Serious behavior and mood changes may occur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes maintenance and reliever treatment with low dose ICS-formoterol from conventional maintenance therapy with SABA as reliever?

<p>Improved exacerbation reduction compared to conventional therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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