Allergic Rhinitis Treatment Methods Quiz

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Which step in the GINA guidelines for asthma treatment recommends low dose ICS-formoterol or low dose maintenance ICS?

Step 4

Step 2 (correct)

Step 3

Step 1

What is the mode of action of Omalizumab [Xolair]?

Directs against IgE (correct)

Inhibits leukotriene synthesis

Blocks interleukins signaling

Promotes mast cell activation

Which step in the GINA guidelines recommends adding on LAMA and referral to a specialist for phenotyping?

Step 4

Step 6

Step 3

Step 5 (correct)

What role does IgE play in the allergic release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils?

Activates mast cells and basophils Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Omalizumab is correct?

Improvement in allergic symptoms has not been demonstrated in studies Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard treatment for Acute Otitis Media?

Pain medication Signup and view all the answers

In the GINA guidelines, what should be considered when reaching Step 5 of asthma treatment?

Add on LAMA and referral to a specialist for phenotyping Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen is NOT a primary organism causing Acute Otitis Media?

Staphylococcus aureus Signup and view all the answers

What is a key method for preventing Acute Otitis Media?

Vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Otitis Media with Effusion from Acute Otitis Media?

Fluid in the middle ear without systemic illness Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal drawback of fluoroquinolones and fluoroquinolone/corticosteroid combinations used in Otitis Externa treatment?

Potential to promote resistance to quinolone antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of Fungal Otitis Externa (Otomycosis)?

Intense pruritus and erythema Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended next step in management for a patient with COPD who falls under Group E according to the GOLD criteria?

Consider adding ICS if eosinophils are 300 or greater Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is recommended for symptom control across all patient groups in the GOLD criteria for COPD management?

Short-acting beta2 agonists (SABA) Signup and view all the answers

What FEV1 range is associated with Stage III COPD severity according to the GOLD criteria?

30-50% predicted Signup and view all the answers

How does long-term inhaled glucocorticoid use affect patients with COPD?

Increases the risk of pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

In the stepwise approach for ages 5 and under with asthma, what is recommended in Step 2?

Low dose ICS daily plus SABA as needed Signup and view all the answers

What FEV1/FVC ratio confirms a diagnosis of COPD?

< 0.70 Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is a selective inhibitor of PDE that reduces inflammation, cough, and excessive mucus production in COPD?

Roflumilast Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line pharmacologic management for a patient in Group B according to the GOLD criteria for COPD?

(LAMA) Long-acting muscarinic antagonists plus LABA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment goal in managing COPD according to the GOLD criteria?

Reducing symptoms and risks, improving health status and exercise tolerance Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred type of bronchodilator during COPD exacerbations according to the text provided?

Inhaled short-acting beta2 agonists (SABA) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is considered the most effective for mild to moderate allergic rhinitis?

Cetirizine Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common adverse effect of intranasal corticosteroids used for allergic rhinitis?

Nosebleed Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a systemic side effect associated with first-generation H1 receptor antagonist antihistamines?

Cholinergic effects Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of use for oxymetazoline nasal spray due to the risk of rebound rhinitis?

3 days Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of leukotriene antagonists used for allergic rhinitis?

Depression Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Benzonatate, a nonopioid antitussive?

Local anesthetic on respiratory stretch receptors Signup and view all the answers

How do Alpha2-Adrenergic Agonists lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma?

Reduce aqueous humor production Signup and view all the answers

"Cycloplegics" and "Mydriatics" are drugs used in ophthalmology. What is the main use of Mydriatics?

"Dilate the pupil" Signup and view all the answers

"Expectorants" are used for conditions such as coughs. Which of the following mechanisms best describes how expectorants work?

Thin mucus and make it easier to expel from the respiratory tract. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line therapy for moderate to severe allergic rhinitis?

Intranasal corticosteroids Signup and view all the answers

What are the rules of 2 in asthma treatment?

Rescue inhaler used more than 2 times weekly Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for dry age-related macular degeneration?

Zinc, antioxidants, and multiple vitamins Signup and view all the answers

Should antibiotics be used for otitis media with effusion?

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the top two causative organisms of acute otitis externa?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staph aureus Signup and view all the answers

Which otic solution should be ordered for pseudomonas external otitis media?

Ciprofloxacin Signup and view all the answers

What are the two most common fungal organisms for external otitis media?

Aspergillus and Candida albicans Signup and view all the answers

Which generation of antihistamines is recommended for day time relief of allergies due to less side effects?

Second generation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antihistamines is available over-the-counter and not on the Beer's list?

Cetirizine Signup and view all the answers

Intranasal glucocorticoids are recommended as first-line treatment for symptoms involving the face or head. Which one of the following is ONLY available by prescription?

Beclomethasone (Qnasl) Signup and view all the answers

Pseudoephedrine is available without a prescription but behind the counter. What is its primary indication?

Facial pain and congestion Signup and view all the answers

What instruction should be given to patients using intranasal glucocorticoids to prevent irritation and unpleasant taste?

Point the spray towards the ear Signup and view all the answers

Which combination product contains Bromopheniramine along with dextromethorphan/pseudoephedrine?

Bromfed DM Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inhaler should be used on a PRN basis during an acute asthma attack?

Metered dose inhaler Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a Controlled Substance: C-V when it comes to cough syrups?

Guaifenesin & Codeine (Robitussin AC) Signup and view all the answers

What is the dosing for Montelukast in relation to age?

10 mg tablet for 15 years and older Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of prophylactic inhalers?

To be taken daily to prevent asthma attacks Signup and view all the answers

Which eye drop can also be used for the ear if needed?

Ciprofloxacin eye drops Signup and view all the answers

What is the common side effect that can occur when using glucocorticoids as inhalers?

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (thrush) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason behind most insurances not covering Benzonatate capsules?

"Pill" form preference over syrup form Signup and view all the answers

Which drug must be taken regularly for allergies and asthma, emphasizing it won't work acutely?

"Montelukast" Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for asthma management?

Decrease airway inflammation and improve lung function Signup and view all the answers

How can the risk of local side effects from inhaled corticosteroids be reduced?

Rinsing with water and swallowing after inhalation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main systemic side effect associated with long-term high doses of inhaled corticosteroids?

Osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

How do different inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) mainly differ from each other?

In their potency and bioavailability Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is most effectively managed with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended next step for a patient not responding well to low doses of inhaled corticosteroids according to the text?

Add a long-acting bronchodilator Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred route of administration for systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of severe acute exacerbations of asthma?

Oral tablets Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with long-term use of systemic corticosteroids in patients with severe asthma?

Osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is recommended as a reliever medication for patients prescribed maintenance and reliever therapy (MART) in asthma management?

Low Dose ICS-Formoterol Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect reported with initial use of Short-Acting Beta Agonists (SABAs) for asthma relief?

Tremor and tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

In the stepwise approach for severe acute asthma, what combination is used to reduce the risk of hospital admission?

Inhaled ipratropium with oral corticosteroids Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum recommended single-day dose of formoterol in Low Dose ICS-Formoterol combination therapy?

$48$ mcg formoterol Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred maintenance and reliever treatment for asthma when a low dose of ICS alone fails to achieve good control?

Low dose ICS-formoterol Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is NOT recommended for long-term treatment of asthma due to its weak anti-inflammatory effect and lower efficacy compared to low dose ICS?

Chromones Signup and view all the answers

In patients with uncontrolled asthma despite ICS-LABA, which add-on option at Step 5 helps improve control but is associated with side-effects like dry mouth?

LAMAs Signup and view all the answers

Which add-on controller medication is indicated for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma uncontrolled on high dose ICS-LABA, and may also be used for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

Anti-IL5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern when using LABA without ICS in asthma management, especially in patients with asthma and COPD?

Serious behavior and mood changes Signup and view all the answers

Why are leukotriene modifiers considered less effective when added to ICS compared to ICS/LABA?

Lower efficacy than ICS/LABA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of anti-IL4R medications like dupilumab in asthma management?

To control atopic dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

'Maintenance and reliever treatment' is commonly achieved using a combination of low dose ICS and which other medication?

LABA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration when prescribing LAMAs as an add-on option for patients with uncontrolled asthma?

Potential side effect of dry mouth Signup and view all the answers

Why is LABA not recommended without ICS in asthma management according to the text?

Serious behavior and mood changes may occur Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes maintenance and reliever treatment with low dose ICS-formoterol from conventional maintenance therapy with SABA as reliever?

Improved exacerbation reduction compared to conventional therapy Signup and view all the answers