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Questions and Answers
What is a common cause of Type I hypersensitivity reactions?
What is a common cause of Type I hypersensitivity reactions?
- Antibodies attacking healthy cells
- Antigen-Antibody (Rx-IgE) reaction (correct)
- Incompatible blood transfusions
- Airway obstruction from fluid accumulation
Which of the following is a symptom of Type I hypersensitivity reactions?
Which of the following is a symptom of Type I hypersensitivity reactions?
- Hypovolemic shock
- Widespread edema
- Angioedema
- Elevated eosinophils/basophils (correct)
What treatment is commonly used for Type I allergic reactions?
What treatment is commonly used for Type I allergic reactions?
- Desensitization through desensitizing vaccines
- Corticosteroids for systemic effects
- Epinephrine for vasoconstriction
- Antihistamines (correct)
Which example corresponds with a Type II hypersensitivity reaction?
Which example corresponds with a Type II hypersensitivity reaction?
Which treatment is appropriate for managing Type II hypersensitivity reactions?
Which treatment is appropriate for managing Type II hypersensitivity reactions?
What is a characteristic cause of Type I allergic reactions?
What is a characteristic cause of Type I allergic reactions?
Which of the following is an example of a Type II cytotoxic response?
Which of the following is an example of a Type II cytotoxic response?
What are the symptoms associated with Type I allergic reactions?
What are the symptoms associated with Type I allergic reactions?
Which treatment is appropriate for Type II cytotoxic responses?
Which treatment is appropriate for Type II cytotoxic responses?
What is a common cause of Type IV delayed hypersensitivity reactions?
What is a common cause of Type IV delayed hypersensitivity reactions?
How do Type III immune complex reactions cause inflammation?
How do Type III immune complex reactions cause inflammation?
Which treatment might be needed for severe hypersensitivity reactions?
Which treatment might be needed for severe hypersensitivity reactions?
What symptoms might indicate an acute kidney injury (AKI) in Type II cytotoxic responses?
What symptoms might indicate an acute kidney injury (AKI) in Type II cytotoxic responses?
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Study Notes
Type I - Fast Allergic Response
- Cause: Antigen-Antibody (Rx-IgE) reaction.
- Examples:
- Allergic rhinitis: Localized reaction to airborne allergens like pollens, molds, dust, etc.
- Anaphylaxis: Systemic reaction involving IgE and histamine release, leading to a severe response.
- Symptoms:
- 5 S/S of inflammation: warmth, redness, swelling, pain, decreased function
- Elevated eosinophils/basophils in labs
- Treatments:
- Antihistamines
- Topical/nasal corticosteroids
- Desensitization (stay 30 minutes in clinic after allergy testing)
Type II - Cytotoxic Response
- Cause: Antibodies attack body cells, leading to damage.
- Examples:
- Foods, drugs, insect venoms, latex (type I or IV)
- Incompatible blood transfusions (ABO or Rh incompatibility).
- Symptoms:
- Widespread edema and vascular congestion
- Vasodilation leading to hypovolemic shock
- Skin, UR, LR, GI, CV issues, including angioedema/bronchoconstriction and hypotension, severe.
- Treatments:
- Epinephrine, airway management with 100% oxygen, IV fluids, nebulized albuterol, corticosteroids, and antihistamines.
- Home teaching about avoidance strategies and medication use, including Medic-alert communication to family.
Type III - Immune Complex Reaction
- Cause: Antigen-Antibody complexes deposit in tissues, activating the complement system and causing inflammation.
Type IV - Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction
- Cause: Cell-mediated immune response; helper T cells cause inflammatory response.
- Example:
- Allergic contact dermatitis, poison ivy.
Summary of Treatment
- Depending on the specific reaction, treatments may include avoidance of triggers, medications, and sometimes more intensive care depending on the severity of each reaction.
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