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Questions and Answers
What is allelopathy primarily associated with in crop interactions?
What is allelopathy primarily associated with in crop interactions?
- Chemical substances released by crops (correct)
- Nutrient sharing among crops
- Pest resistance mechanisms
- Physical space competition
What is the waiting period recommended between harvesting sunflower and sowing the subsequent crop?
What is the waiting period recommended between harvesting sunflower and sowing the subsequent crop?
- 10-15 days
- 5-10 days
- 15-20 days (correct)
- 20-25 days
Which of the following crops is NOT known for having an allelopathic effect?
Which of the following crops is NOT known for having an allelopathic effect?
- Peach
- Sunflower
- Corn (correct)
- Eucalyptus
What type of allelopathy occurs when substances released act as precursors that require microbial conversion?
What type of allelopathy occurs when substances released act as precursors that require microbial conversion?
In the context of allelopathy, what does allo-inhibition refer to?
In the context of allelopathy, what does allo-inhibition refer to?
What is true allelopathy characterized by?
What is true allelopathy characterized by?
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of allelopathy in crop production?
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of allelopathy in crop production?
What often characterizes the release of allelopathic chemicals by sunflower?
What often characterizes the release of allelopathic chemicals by sunflower?
What defines allelo-chemicals?
What defines allelo-chemicals?
Which of the following plants is known to release allelo-chemicals that inhibit neighboring species?
Which of the following plants is known to release allelo-chemicals that inhibit neighboring species?
How can allelo-chemicals from Eucalyptus globules affect other plants?
How can allelo-chemicals from Eucalyptus globules affect other plants?
Which factor influences the type and quantity of allelo-chemicals released by a plant?
Which factor influences the type and quantity of allelo-chemicals released by a plant?
What effect do sunflower crop residues have on subsequent crops?
What effect do sunflower crop residues have on subsequent crops?
What is a potential way allelo-chemicals can reach the ground?
What is a potential way allelo-chemicals can reach the ground?
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Study Notes
Allelopathy Overview
- Allelopathy refers to chemical interactions among crops, impacting growth and establishment.
- These interactions may be induced by competitive or non-competitive means.
Mechanism of Allelopathy
- Chemical toxins are primarily released from roots or through decomposition of crop residues.
- Such allelochemicals can have direct or indirect harmful effects on associated crop species.
- Effects include inhibition of germination, establishment, and growth of neighboring crops.
Crops with Allelopathic Effects
- Notable plants exhibiting allelopathy include:
- Sunflower: Releases allelochemicals that inhibit germination; requires a waiting period of 15-20 days before sowing subsequent crops.
- Sorghum, Walnut, Cucumber, Peach, Eucalyptus: Also known for their allelopathic properties.
Types of Allelopathy
- True Allelopathy: Directly harmful effects due to the release of toxins from the plant.
- Functional Allelopathy: Involves the release of precursors converted into active substances by microorganisms.
Ways Allelopathy is Observed
- Allo-inhibition: Inhibition of other plant species by chemicals released from one species.
- Auto-inhibition: Inhibition of the producer species itself by its own toxins.
Allelo-Chemicals
- Defined as chemicals released by allelopathic plants.
- The type and quantity of allelochemicals are influenced by genetic makeup and environmental conditions.
- Examples:
- Walnut, Cucumber, Peach: Exude allelochemicals that inhibit nearby plant growth.
- Eucalyptus leaves release chemicals that reduce mustard seed germination.
Impact of Residues
- Residues from crops like sunflower can adversely affect subsequent crops:
- Sunflower stalks can inhibit the growth of sorghum when left unprocessed in the soil.
- A strategic waiting period allows quicker decomposition of residues and alleviates negative allelopathic effects, enhancing soil nitrogen availability.
Additional Information
- Raindrops, animal activities, and falling leaves can transport allelochemicals from aerial parts of plants to the soil.
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